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Beyaz Hindide A. Celiaca ve Dallarının Makro Anatomik ve Subgross İncelenmesi

Hüseyin KARADAĞ | Fatih Ramazan İSTANBULLUGİL | Şamil SEFERGİL

Article | 2010 | Van Veterinary Journal21 ( 3 )

Bu çalışma, Beyaz Hindide Arteria (a) celiaca ve dallarının orijini ve seyrini tespit amacı ile yapıldı. Çalışmada kullanılan 5 adet ergin dişi beyaz hindi Van-Et Ticari Yatırımlar Gıda Sanayi Turizm İç ve Dış Ticaret A.Ş’den temin edildi. Premedikasyon ve sedasyon amacı ile İ.M xylazine-ketamin uygulaması yapıldıktan sonra, pıhtılaşmayı önlemek için Vena (v) axillaris’ten heparin verildi. Derin anasteziden sonra, thoracoabdominal boşluk açıldı ve aorta abdominalis kesilerek hayvanın kanı akıtıldı. Aynı yolla kumaş boyası ile renklendirilmiş latex enjekte edildikten sonra kadavralar %10 formaldehit solusyonunda tespit edildi. A. cel . . .iaca ve dalları diseke edildi. Damarlar, resimlenerek sunuldu. Beyaz hindide esophagus’un son kısmı ile proventriculus, ventriculus, karaciğer, dalak, pancreas, duodenum, jejunum, ileum ve secum’un arterial beslenmesini a. caliaca’dan çıkan dalların sağladığı belirlenmiştir. A. celiaca’nın son dallarına ayrılmadan esophagus için Rami (rr) esophageales ve a. esophagealis’i, proventriculus için a. proventriculus dorsalis’i, kassel mide içinse a. gastrica dorsalis’i verdiği belirlendi. Ramus (r) sinister a. celiacae’nın proventriculus’ta sonlanan a. proventricularis ventralis’e ve sol karaciğer lobunda sonlanan a. hepatica sinistra’ya orijin verdiği tespit edildi. R. dexter a. celiacae’nın ise dalak için üç ayrı dal halinde Arteriae (Aa) spleniceae’ya, karaciğerin sağ lobu için a. hepatica dextra’yı, kassel mide için a. gastrica dextra’yı, pancreas ve duodenum için a. pancreaticaduodenalis’e orijin verdiği belirlendi. Bu çalışmada elde edilen, r. sinister a. celiacae’dan çıkan Rr. hepatici, r. sacci ve proventriculus’a giden kalın bir dalın bulunması, a. gastrica sinistra dorsalis ve ventralis’in a. gastrica sinistra’dan; a. gastrica dextra dorsalis ve ventralis’in a. gastrica dextra’dan ayrılması, Aa spleniacae’nın üç ayrı dal olarak r. dexter a. celiacae’dan orijin alması, r. dexter a. celiacae’nın a. pancreaticus dorsalis cranialis’i vermesi, a. ileocecalis’in üç ayrı dal olarak a. pancreaticoduodenalis’ten ayrılması, a. hepatica dextra’nın a. vesicae biliaris, a. duodenojejunalis ve a. jejunalis’e orijin vermesi gibi farklılıkların sebebinin gerek ırk farklılığından gerekse damar sistemindeki varyasyonlardan kaynaklandığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Beyaz hindi, Arteria celiaca, Anatom More less

The Ethnical Naming of the Kyrgyzes in 17th-19th Century Russian Historical Sources = XVII-XIX. Yüzyıl Rus Tarihi Kaynaklarında Kırgızların Etnik Adlandırılışı

Döölötbek SAPARALİEV

Article | 2010 | BELLETEN74 ( 271 )

XVII-XIX. yüzyıllar arasındaki Kırgız tarihinin araştırılmasında, Rus tarihî kaynaklarının önemi büyüktür. Bu kaynaklar, arşiv belgeleri, diplomatlarla seyyahların tuttukları günlükler ve bilim adamlarının ilmî çalışmaları olmak üzere üç grupta yer alır. Bu zengin kaynaklarda, Kırgızların etnik olarak adlandırılması farklı bir şekilde verilmektedir. Bu etnik adlandırmaların bazen Kazaklar ve Hakaslarla da ilişki-lendirilmesi, bunların ilmî çalışmalarda daha iyi bir şekilde kullanılmasın zorlaştırmıştır. Makalede bu soru sistemli bir şekilde açıklanıp ortaya koyulmaya çalışılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Alatay Kırgız, Ak Burutlar, Bur . . .ut, Kırgız, Kaysak, Kırk Cüz, Hakas = Russian historical sources are very important in searching the Kyrgyz history between the 17th-19th centuries. These sources can be classified into three categories as the archival materials, diaries of diplomats and travelers, and valuable works of the scholars. The ethnic naming of the Kyrgyzes is given in different ways in these rich sources. The fact that this ethnic naming was sometimes related with the Kazaks and the Hakhas people caused difficulties in its usage in scholarly works. In this article, we try to study and elaborate on this question systematically. Key Words: Alatay Kyrgyzs, Ak Buruts, Burut, Kyrgyz, Kaysak, Kırk Jüz, Hakas More less

Freezing time prediction for partially dried papaya puree with infinite cylinder geometry

Coşkan ILICALI

Article | 2010 | Journal of Food Engineering100 ( 4 )

Dehydrofreezing which is the drying of foods to intermediate moisture content and subsequent freezing has the advantages of lowering the transportation costs due to reduced weight and improved texture. The available empirical equations for freezing time prediction and the experimental data on thermo-physical properties are for fresh produce. Some of these empirical equations were used to predict the freezing times of papaya puree infinite cylinders with initial moisture contents ∼52% to ∼91%. The accuracies of these methods to predict the freezing times for final center temperatures of −10 °C and −18 °C were discussed. The most accu . . .rate methods for fresh and partially dries papaya puree were suggested. - Keywords: Freezing; Dehydrofreezing; Modeling; Pure More less

A simulation model for managing outsourcing decisions

Arman Teksin TEVFİK

Article | 2010 | International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development9 ( 2 )

The aim of this research is to contribute into the development of a strategic and systematic outsourcing decision-making framework for practitioners. In this regard, the authors propose a concrete decision framework that would incorporate quantitative measures and financial dimensions in outsourcing decision-making process. In addition, the authors also provide a platform to make outsourcing decisions under high uncertainty levels associated with insufficient and/or imprecise data. For this purpose, Monte Carlo simulation is used to evaluate the financial results of an outsourcing decision based on a real industrial case. On the oth . . .er hand, to express the environmental uncertainties and market dynamics into the analysis, fuzzy set theory is utilised. Therefore, this research, as dealing with one of the most important topics in industrial management, provides a better decision framework for practitioners using appropriate quantitative techniques. - Keywords: investment analysis; risk analysis; outsourcing; decision making; quantitative measures; uncertainty levels; insufficient data; imprecise data; Monte Carlo simulation; financial results; environmental uncertainties; market dynamics; fuzzy set theory; industrial management; electronics industry; Turkey More less

Sahiplerinin Boyu Belirtilen Köktürk Harfli Yazıtlar = The KöktürkInscriptions on wich was satysfied owners

Nurdin USEEV

Article | 2010 | Turkish Studies5 ( 4 )

Bu makalede sahiplerinin boyu belirtilen Köktürk harfli yazıtlardan E 37 Tuba III (Tes) ve E 47 Suci yazıtları ele alınarak ‘niçin bu yazıtların sahiplerinin boyları belirtilmiş’ sorusuna cevap aranmıştır. Bazı bilgiler karşılaştırılarak inceleme yapıldıktan sonra bu iki yazıtın sahiplerinin kendi yurtlarında değil herhangi bir sebeple bulundukları başka bir yerde vefat ederek anılarına dikilen yazıtların o yerlerde bulunduğu öğrenilmiştir. İşte bundan dolayı boylarının belirtilmesi gereksinimi duyulduğu ileri sürülmüştür.- This article has described the length of the inscription letters Köktürk E 37 Tuba III and Shuzhi taking why . . .this inscriptions have sought answers to the question of the length specified. Some information comparatively reviews after the two inscriptions have themselves in their homes but for whatever reason, they are located elsewhere, who had died in the memories of inscriptions planted, filled switched long to identify the need to hear it was been suggested More less

Microbiological Control of Flour-Manufacture: Dissemination of Mycotoxins Producing Fungi in Cereal Products

Tinatin DOOLOTKELDİEVA

Article | 2010 | Microbiology Insights ( 3 )

Wheat grain and its products are widely consumed as fodder and basic daily food stuffs in Kyrgyzstan. Mycobiota is known to produce hazardous effects to a consumer since it produces mycotoxins. Henceforth, mycobiota starting from the field stage to flour, grain and flour samples were selected for mycological analysis from eight sites of flour manufacture: grain stored in storehouses before milling, mechanically cleaned grain, washed grain, grain dried and prepared for mill, roughly-milled flour, first grade flour and high grade flour. The samples were analyzed using classical mycological and immunoassay methods in order to detect my . . .cotoxins producing fungi species. We isolated overall 27 species belonging to 7 genera. Mycotoxins producing species like Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus and Penicillium cyclopium were detected in the stored grains and in mechanically-cleaned grains. The species of Penicillium, Alternaria and Fusarium genera dominated in roughly-milled flour samples, so this site of flour manufacture still has a risk and danger of contamination with mycotoxins producing fungus. Only the final product i.e. the high grade flour lacked any fungal contamination. We recommend to scrutinize flour samples at the last stages of processing, particularly in the mills like В1, С1 and С4 More less

A Newly Discovered Turkic Inscription in the Tian Shan Region: The CHIYIN TASH Rock Inscription

Kubatbek TABALDİYEV | Kayrat BELEK

Article | 2010 | Altai Hakpo20

This paper presents a study of a newly found Turkic runic inscription nearby Ak-Olong village, Yssykkol Province of Kyrgyzstan. The inscription carved on the rock is the 35th inscription of Early Medieval Turks discovered in the Tian Shan Region. The authors give a description of the monument and supply it with transliteration, transcription and translation What makes this inscription important is that it is closer to the inscriptions of the Yenisey region rather than the other inscriptions of the region both with regards to its palaeographical and contextual features. This is particularly prominent in the orthographical characteris . . .tics of the signs for G1, T2 ve Ẅ. The parallel usage of tenride(ki) yerde(ki) in the Yenisey Inscriptions also support this view. Due to its palaeographical features it can be said that this inscription belongs to the earlier period of Turkic runic writing than any other found in the Tian Shan region More less

Application of modified atmosphere packaging with new concepts for respiring foods

Zehra AYHAN

Proceedings Paper | 2010 | X International Controlled and Modified Atmosphere Research Conference : Book Series: Acta Horticulturae876

Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) is a shelf-life enhancing method which is growing rapidly on an international scale. The correct gas mixture and film in MAP can maintain high quality with extended shelf life. However, the initial gas composition in the package headspace often changes as a result of the activity of the respiring product, the nature of the package, or the environmental conditions. In the new MAP era, it is necessary to show that MAP does not only deal with gas mixtures and films. The new thought is to incorporate new packaging concepts such as active and intelligent packaging technologies with MAP in order to moni . . .tor gas change, storage temperature, quality of packaged product, and maintain the initial gas level during the whole storage time. Indicators or sensors in the form of a package label or printed on packaging films can monitor changes in the gas composition, storage temperature and quality of the product (smart packaging concept). Sensors adapted in the MA package could detect gas levels (smart packaging concept) and also the sensor could release gas to compensate for gas losses in the package (active packaging concept). Thus, the initial gas mixture could be maintained in the MA applied package during the storage time. In addition, gas indicators such as oxygen and carbon dioxide indicators could be used to monitor maturity stage of fruits based on the gas change in the package. Another application of these indicators is to determine package leakage which not only causes change in internal atmosphere but also microbial contamination from the environment. The use of intelligent indicators (time-temperature indicators, gas and freshness indicators) and active packaging technologies (ethylene and moisture absorbers) in conjunction with MAP is discussed in the paper. MAP combined with active and intelligent packaging concepts will provide a means of monitoring the quality and safety of the respiring products. - Keywords: modified atmosphere packaging, intelligent packaging, active packaging, new packaging technologies and respiring food More less

Kırgızistan’da Demokrasi Sorunu = A question of democracy in Kyrgyzstan

Altınbek COLDOŞOV

Article | 2010 | Praksis ( 23-02 )

Günümüz dünyasında demokrasi bir araç olmaktan çıkıp bir amaç olmuştur. Oysa demokrasinin temel amacı insanların daha iyi yönetildikleri, yönetime doğrudan katıldıkları ve özgürlüklerinin korunduğu bir sis- temi oluşturmak olmalıdır. Uygulamalar ne yazık ki, bunun çok uzağındadır. Burada demokrasi halk için değil sadece kurumları (siyasi partiler, sivil toplum örgütleri v.s.) ve prosedürleri için var olan bir paradigma haline dönüşmüştür. Bu paradigma bazı yanılgılara yol açabilmekte ve dünyadaki anti-demokratik yapıdaki yöne- timlerden, demokratik yönetimlere geçiş olarak değerlendirilebilmektedir. Kuşkusuz bu iddiaların muhatabı n . . .iteliğindeki ülkelerden biri Kırgızistan’dır. Sovyet sonrası dönemde Kırgızistan yönetimi liberalleşme ve demokratikleşme süreci adı altında bir takım ekonomik, siyasal ve toplumsal reformlar gerçekleştirmiştir. Bu çerçevede planlı ekonomiden piyasa ekonomisine geçilmiş, yeni Anayasa kabul edilmiş, çok partili siyasi yapılanma oluşturulmuş ve sivil toplum örgütleri desteklenmiştir. Ancak Kırgızistan’ın demokratik olma iddiasının eleştirel bir değerlendirilmesi yapıldığında, bu ülkede gerçek halk egemenliği anlamında bir demokratik sistemin kurulamadığı görülmektedir. Üstelik Sovyet sonrası Kırgızistan yönetiminin gerçek- leştirdiği ekonomik, siyasal ve toplumsal reformlar, liberal demokrasinin bugünkü biçimlerine yönelik bir dönüşümü bile ifade etmemektedir. Kırgızistan’da demokratik kurumlar ve prosedürler mevcut olmakla birlikte, bu kurumların sistemli bir şekilde çalışmadığı, dahası iktidarın oyuncağı durumunda oldukları bile söylenebilir. Dolayısıyla Sovyet sonrası Kırgızistan’daki ekonomik, siyasal ve toplumsal dönüşüm süreci, yeni bir demokratikleşme atılımı olmaktan çok düşük yoğunluklu demokrasi rejimi olarak tanımlanabilecek gelişmeleri ifade etmektedir. Democracy has become an ambition rather than a tool in a contemporary world. The main goal of democracy is to bring people in a system in which they are directly involved in a government and their fre- edom preserved. However, the implementations are far from this reality. But the democracy in Kyrgyzstan has become a paradigm for institutions (political parties, civil societies and etc.) and procedures instead of existing for people. This paradigm leads to certain mistakes and it seems that there is a shift from anti- democratic governments to democratic ones in the world. Undoubtedly, Kyrgyzstan is a country that rep- resents this allegation. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Kyrgyzstan has performed liberalization and democratization through certain economic, political and social reforms. Within this framework, there have taken place the processes of transition from planned economy to free market economy; a new constitituti- on has been ratified ,a multi party system has emerged and the civil society has been supported. However, the critical evaluation of democratic developments in Kyrgyzstan shows that there is no establishment of democratic system that is under people’s sovereignty. Significantly, the economic, political and social reforms made by post-Soviet Kyrgyz government do not represent modern liberal democratic principles. Morover it can be said that although democratic institutions and procedures exist in Kyrgyzstan, these ins- titutions do not perform systematically, even they become ‘governmet’s toy’. Consequently, the economic, political and social transition processes in Kyrgyzstan, instead of representing the onset of the democra- tization processes, represent the structure, which can be decribed as a low intensity democracy regime More less

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