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Ecology and Environmental Aspects of “Makmalzoloto” Gold Mining Area in Kyrgyzstan

Nazgül İMANBERDİYEVA

Chapter of Books | 2018 | Vegetation of Central Asia and Environs ( Chapter 13 )

This investigation enlightens the original data on the ecological situation of Makmal Valley and neighboring villages Makmal and Chetbulak Toguz-Toro in “Makmalzoloto” gold mining area in Kyrgyzstan. The study was undertaken to put forward the possibilities for preservation of rich biodiversity and ecological state in these villages. The area is under pressure from the activities of gold extraction. Even today environmental pollution and high levels of radiation are observed. The extraction activity has seriously damaged and produced a negative impact on pastures, livestock, as well as biodiversity in this region. The dosimetric stu . . .dies have revealed that in the village Chetbulak, radiation levels lie around 38–40 mcR/h. Since the first extraction from the plant, the tailing pond is lying in the open with no protection or warning signs. The cattle grazes in the area openly all year-round; children lead the cattle herds and play freely around the tailing pond More less

Islamic Revivalism and Women in Kyrgyzstan: The Case of the Tablighi Jamaat

Kişimcan EŞENKULOVA

Chapter of Books | 2023 | Muslims of Post-Communist Eurasia

Since the end of communism, Kyrgyzstan, like other Muslim-majority regions of the former Soviet Union, has experienced an ‘Islamic revival’. Among its manifestations has been a rising number of veiled women. Many of them have joined the Tablighi Jamaat (the Society for Spreading Faith) which provides Islamic teaching (taalim) and organises weekly religious sessions (ijtimas). The chapter examines the ways in which the Tablighi Jamaat has been shaping Kyrgyz women's understanding of Islam and what it means to them to be Muslim. It is particularly interested in the implications of the Tablighi Jamaat's proselytizing among Kyrgyz women . . . for the wider multi-ethnic and poly-confessional Kyrgyzstani society. The study is based on observations, interviews with the veiled women and leaders of women jamaats (communities) More less

Evaluation of Websites as Digital Diplomacy Tools in Terms of Design Criteria: In the Case of Sports Ministry of Turkey and Kyrgyzstan

Atilla ÇAKAR | Banu ERDOĞAN ÇAKAR

Chapter of Books | 2022 | Maintaining International Relations Through Digital Public Diplomacy Policies and Discourses ( Chapter 8 )

The importance of digital diplomacy, which we encounter as public diplomacy activities on digital platforms, has been recognized more and more, and it has been actively used by many countries through applications such as social media accounts and websites. In the light of this information, the aim of the study is to reveal the ways in which the ministry of sports, which is responsible for sports and athletes, which increases the awareness and prestige of countries in national and international platforms, uses websites as a digital diplomacy tool. The official websites of the Ministries of Sports of Turkey and Kyrgyzstan, which were . . .determined as the sample of the study, were analyzed with the categorical content analysis method, and the similarities and differences between the use of the websites of the ministries were determined. Keyword: Ministry of Sports; digital diplomacy; digitalization; web design; Ministry of Youth and Sports of Republic of Turkey; network society; Ministry of Culture, Information, Sports, and Youth Policy of the Kyrgyz Republi More less

Chyngyz Aitmatov as an Actor in Cultural Diplomacy of the Turkic World

Uğur ÜNAL | Tolkun Bekturgan Kızı

Chapter of Books | 2023 | Global Perspectives on the Emerging Trends in Public Diplomacy ( Chapter 7 )

Chyngyz Aitmatov is a world-renowned Kyrgyz writer whose literary works have been translated into 186 languages, as well as a politician and diplomat. Chyngyz Aitmatov not only gained worldwide recognition for his literary works, but also carried out a diplomatic mission. He started his cultural diplomatic career as soon as he wrote his first literary work and spread it to the public. He emphasized the prominent themes of his works and promoted the ideology of peace, harmony, and unity. Each of his translations, the awards he received in other countries, the honors attributed to him were important parts of creating a picture of Aitm . . .atov in the world. The aim of the study is to analyze Chyngyz Aitmatov as a cultural diplomacy actor of the Turkic world. Descriptive document analysis technique was used to analyze the data obtained. As a result of the research, Aitmatov confirms his role as an actor in cultural diplomacy not only through his diplomatic activities, but also through his literary works, translations, awards received around the world, and places named after him. Keyword: global recognition; public diplomacy; soft power; diplomatic career; cultural bridge; translation; cultural diplomacy; turkic world; diplomatic relations; intercultural communication; Chyngyz Aitmato More less

Plant Diversity of Ala-Archa National Park in Kyrgyzstan with Emphasis on Its Economical Potential

Nazgül İMANBERDİYEVA | Zeki SEVEROĞLU | Gülbübü KURMANBEKOVA

Chapter of Books | 2018 | Vegetation of Central Asia and Environs ( Chapter 16 )

The national parks are the most important tools in biodiversity conservation. The generally include remote and rugged areas possessing a low possibility for human use. They are of lower economic value. Currently the Republic of Kyrgyzstan possesses a total of eight national parks. These cover approximately 1.4 of national territory. One of these national parks is the Ala-Archa National Park. During the period covering the months from May to October, every weekend hundreds of visitors pay a visit to this oldest national park of the country established in 1976. The 25 km long park has a total area of 194 km2. This area encompasses the . . . upper watershed of the Ala-Archa River. The park shows a microclimate of almost every ecosystem existing in the Republic of Kyrgyzstan, including the forests of mixed conifers, deciduous and dwarf juniper forests, scrubland, grassland steppe, sagebrush semidesert, river valleys, glaciers, and high alpine environments. The total number of vascular plants growing in the national park is 756 taxa. These belong to 73 families and 324 genera. Six hundred twenty-three taxa are from the dicotyledonous group, whereas 121 taxa are from the monocotyledonous group. This chapter presents an analysis of the economical potential of plant diversity of this national park.Keywords: Ala-Archa National Park. Plant diversity. Economic potentia More less

The horse races and their categories in World Nomad Games

Sıymık ARSTANBEKOV

Chapter of Books | 2023 | Applications of Traditional Equestrian Sports in the World ( Chapter 13 )

The history of nomadic civilization is an epoch almost three millennia long. Spirituality and morality become important in the life of a young person. The World Nomad Games (WNG) united more than 86 countries around the world with horse riding and horseracing, a popular equestrian game in Kyrgyzstan and other Asian countries. Therefore, the motto of the World Nomad Games (WNG) is “United in spirit, united in strength.” Keywords: nomad games; horseracing; categories

An ancient sport in central Asian Turkic peoples: Oogdarish/enish (wrestling on Horseback)

Mehmet TÜRKMEN

Chapter of Books | 2023 | Applications of Traditional Equestrian Sports in the World ( Chapter 2 )

In this study, “wrestling on horseback” which is a traditional sport called “enish” or ‘Oodarish/Avdarys/Audarysh’ done in the Middle East Region (Turkestan) will be mentioned and introduced. Purpose: Having kept the two socio-cultural values known as horse riding and wrestling for centuries, wrestling on horseback (oogdarish) formed with the combination of these two sports is more than a sportive activity. The purpose of the study is to know and introduce this ancient traditional sport separated into two groups ‘Men’s-enish’ and ‘women’s enish” and bring it to the world sports literature. Descriptive analysis method of the qualitat . . .ive study designs was applied in the study. For the proper application of the method, World Nomad Games (WNG), Folk-Game (Hand-Game) started by Altaians from local Turkic peoples in Siberia in 1988, World Ethno-Sport Confederation (WEC) organizations, and many local sports organ[1]izations held in Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan were watched live. Moreover, some historical resources were scanned. Women’s and men’s oodarish, which has a broad story and rich tradition, was found to be done willingly with active and broad participation of both men and women in the region from Siberia to Central Asia except for Turkey, Balkans, and the Caucasus. It was understood that the functional and ideological roots of enish challenge are historically related to having had to face external powers and the election of the military leader by a group of people. The sport is done in two forms conventional and formal, the first of which was found to be more common. Keywords: Turkestan; Central Asian Turkic peoples; wrestling on horsebac More less

Understanding digital diplomacy through Ukraine-Russia events: The truth behind events in Ukraine and donbass

Niyazi AYHAN | Tolkun Bekturgan Kızı

Chapter of Books | 2022 | Maintaining International Relations Through Digital Public Diplomacy Policies and Discourses ( Chapter 10 )

Digital diplomacy is a form of new public diplomacy that uses the internet, new information and communication technologies, and social media as a means to strengthen diplomatic relations. The main differences from classical public diplomacy are greater access to information, more interaction between people and organizations, and greater transparency. Diplomacy is radically transforming in front of our eyes. In the face of new challenges, its structure and methods are changing, and new directions are emerging. The chapter analyzes new opportunities and technologies for use by the diplomatic departments of the Russian Federation and U . . .kraine in the course of current activities in the field of international relations. The authors also presented a descriptive analysis of the document entitled “The Truth behind Events in Ukraine and Donbass (2014-2022)” published on the official website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation. Keyword: public diplomacy; official website; datatization; internet; Ukraine; digital diplomacy; Russian Federation; descriptive analysi More less

A horse game from the Ottoman empire to today's Anatolia: Lobud throwing

Mehmet TÜRKMEN | Ünal TÜRKÇAPAR

Chapter of Books | 2023 | Applications of Traditional Equestrian Sports in the World ( Chapter 12 )

A cop is a slightly elliptical, knot-free stick made of flexible and dry wood, the length of which is 80 cm, and the edges of which are blunted. The game played on horseback with this stick called cop is named particularly as ‘Egyptian Wood Game.’ It is a traditional equestrian game in which competitors on horseback try to make the sticks, by hitting them on the ground, bouncing over a thick rope connecting two poles with heights of 5-6 m and a distance of approximately 6-7 m in between. The Egyptian Wood Game played frequently in the Ottoman period and in the 1960s in Turkey was no more practiced in Turkey for the last fifty years . . .except in a few locations in West Anatolia. Significance: Almost every day, a traditional cultural element disappears also in Turkey which is among the countries deeply affected by the globalization of the world. This study was conducted because the scope of studies on these issues diminished and there were even no theoretical resources as sometimes there were no practical sources. Objective: Introduction of this traditional game, which does not exist in written records, to the Turkic sports literature by correctly underlining its rules and procedures. Methodology: Monograph was composed in the form of a compilation, also observations were included by paying a visit to Karapurcek town of Susurluk district of Balikesir province of Turkey and certainly unique and distinctive images were used. Result: It was deduced that Egyptian wood game which was known to be played in the palace and its environs in the late period of Ottomans was especially an integral part of social ceremonies in West Anatolia until the 1960s, and as of the 1960s, lost gradually its character making it the constituent part of festivals and at present, was practiced only in a limited format in a few small local festivals in combination with a performance of drum and clarion. Keywords: labut; Egyptian stick; cop (stick); equestrian sports; traditional gam More less

Streptomyces bio-products against apple and pear diseases in organic orchards

Tinatin DOOLOTKELDİEVA

Chapter of Books | 2018 | Agricultural Research Updates22 ( Chapter 2 )

Erwinia amylovora as a fire blight pathogen and Venturia inaequalis as a scab pathogen were isolated from the blossoms, exudates, infected fruits, leaves and bent branches of diseased apple, pear and hawthorn trees, selected in the Chy, Osh and Jalal Abad regions. Biochemical and pathogenicity tests, alongside PCR analyses were conducted to identify the local isolates of Erwinia amylovora and Venturia inaequalis. The alternative antagonistic microorganisms which combat bacterium E. amylovora and fungus Venturia inaequalis were tested within in vitro and in vivo conditions. The results revealed the ability of Streptomyces antagonisti . . .c bacteria to decrease fire blight severity on pear and apple trees during the first stage of the fire blight disease in leaf tissues. Streptomyces strain C1-4 suppressed E. amylovora disease symptoms in the leaf tissues and excised apple and pear shoots. The incidence of fire blight on leaves was reduced by about 70 with two applications of bacterial antagonists. Streptomyces sp strains were tested for apple scab control in vitro and field conditions. Two applications of Streptomyces strain C1-4 within 35 days completely stopped the scab disease in seedling leaves. Within 40 days, the seedlings were recovered; the new leaves have blossomed on branches. Seedlings grew new shoots and leaves around 50 days after the second treatment. Orchard experiment results provide great hope that a biological product based on Streptomyces could work as an effective agent to suppress the development of the pathogen in the early spring, when leaves start to show scab disease symptoms. Further studies at different locations in Kyrgyzstan, using large scale application, would allow for stronger recommendations to be made, including studies and recommendations on their ability to prevent diseases and to use them as main components in an integrated pest management program More less

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