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Microbiological Diversity and Biotechnological Potential of the Soil Ecosystem of a High-Mountainous Landfill

Nurzat TOTUBAYEVA | Kanatbek KOCOBAYEV | Ciyde TOKPAEVA

Article | 2019 | Polish Journal of Environmental Studies28 ( 6 )

Strains isolated from high mountain industrial landfills have high biotechnological potential and studying their diversity is relevant. The objective of this study was to investigate the microbial diversity of oil-contaminated soils at a high mountain mine located 4000 meters above sea level, isolated and characterized by hydrocarbon-resistant bacteria and compare the degradation efficiency of two bacterial consortia. The surface layer (0-30 cm) that consists of 10440 mg/kg hydrocarbons were used for the experiment. A bacteria group of the three genera Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, and Rhodococcus dominated. Fungi Aspergillus, Penici . . .llium, and Trichoderma were present in relatively high abundances in the samples. The study shows that the actinomycetes of the Streptomyces group of the Cinereus section are most sensitive to hydrocarbon contamination. Three superior indigenous bacteria Rhodococcus rhodococcus N1, Pseudomonas fluorescens W3, and Flavobacterium NE2 has been isolated from oilpolluted soil. The consortium composed of bacteria strains Rhodococcus rhodococcus N1, Pseudomonas fluorescens W3, and Flavobacterium NE2 is more effective than a consortium composed of bacteria strains Rhodococcus rhodococcus N1, Pseudomonas fluorescens W3 hydrocarbon removal efficiency 70% and 22.9%, respectively. These findings provide highly valuable information on the production of bacterial consortium for the remediation of oil-contaminated soil More less

The Impact of Road Salts on Groundwater and Estimation of the Chlorine Ions by Hydrogen Index

Canarbek İZAKOV | Kubat KEMELOV | Nurzat ŞAYKİYEVA | Zarlık MAYMEKOV

Article | 2022 | Polish Journal of Environmental Studies31 ( 2 )

In this study, the influence of road salts on groundwater was investigated. The use of anti-ice reagents in winter requires certain precautions since the main chemical composition of the salts is chlorides. At the same time, the widely used sodium chloride does not form ion pairs in water, which means that it has a high migration ability and a weak sorption potential. In addition, the concentration of chloride salts in the components of the environment is so high (10-140 ppm). Therefore, the rapid assessment of the concentration of technogenic chlorine ion in water by pH is an urgent task. The average chemical composition of groundw . . .ater in Bishkek and its environs was considered, and the concentration of chlorine ions in water from 72 wells was determined. To develop the pattern of dispersion of chlorine ions, the thermodynamic modeling of the sodium chloride-water system was carried out at a minimum of Gibbs energy with a wide range of water temperature changes corresponding to the flow regime of cold groundwater. The concentration distribution of the components, charged particles, as well as the values of pH and Eh were determined. As a result, an empirical equation and a scheme for rapid assessment of the quantitative content of chlorine ions in water bodies were compiled More less

Agronomic Performance of Spring Barley Cultivars under Different Eco-Environmental Conditions

Bircan USUBALİYEV | Gülbübü KURMANBEKOVA | Kadırbay ÇEKİROV | Nurzat TOTUBAYEVA

Article | 2020 | Polish Journal of Environmental Studies29 ( 6 )

In this study, five agronomic traits of 29 barley accessions were evaluated in different agro-environmental conditions. Accessions represented cultivars from Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine, and the Nordic and Baltic countries as well as landraces from northeastern and eastern Russia. The field experiments were carried out in two countries (Latvia and Kyrgyzstan) in order to select the suitable genotypes or cultivars as a source for Kyrgyz barley breeding programs. Among the accessions studied, we found material that can be used in Kyrgyz breeding as potential sources of earliness, spike length and TKW. Among the cultivars, 'Cecilia' from Swede . . .n showed an attractive agronomic performance, and had constant behaviour under Kyrgyz climatic conditions during two years of trials. Other cultivars like 'Saana.', 'Sencis' and 'Mette' can also be included in future breeding due to their earliness, plant height, spike length and number of kernels. There were cultivars that had the stabile response of number of agronomic characters in these two locations over both years of trials. For example, the cultivars 'Cecilia', Mette, 'Saana' were stable in HD, SL, and NGS in different climatic conditions. Also, among the landraces there were candidates who showed stable behaviour for SL and TKW More less

A Comparison of Various Ecological Indexes for Environmental Assessment of Vulnerable Mountain Ecosystems

Nurzat TOTUBAYEVA | Kanatbek KOCOBAYEV | Gülbübü KURMANBEKOVA | Ciyde TOKPAEVA

Article | 2020 | Polish Journal of Environmental Studies29 ( 4 )

The aim of this work was to compare various ecological indexes to assess the state of urbanized ecosystems of the Issyk-Kul region in the Kyrgyz Republic. Soil samples were analyzed for Pb, Zn, Fe, Cu and Cd using AAS. Heavy metal contamination status was assessed using indexes for enrichment factor, geo accumulation, contamination factor, degree of contamination, pollution load, potential ecological risk and integrated risk using the Triad approach. Results show marked variations of heavy metal concentrations within the study area. The concentrations of heavy metals in soils of Issyk-Kul had the following increasing order: Zn> Pb> . . .Cu> Cd. Indexes such as enrichment factor and contamination factor showed the Issyk-Kul soils to be moderately polluted with Pb, Zn and Cd; geoacumulation revealed extreme contamination with Pb, Zn and Cu. Potential ecological risk estimated low risk, while the Triad approach characterized soil as highly contaminated. The Triad approach shows that using biotic components in evaluating the contamination degrees is informative. The results of this study show that adequate measures should be put to checkmate and regulate human activities around Issyk-Kul Lake in order to protect soil from further deterioration and contamination More less

Reducing Concentrations of Benzo(a)pyrene in Gas Phase Soot Particles by Using and Burning Water Fuel Emulsions

Kubat KEMELOV | Zarlık MAYMEKOV

Article | 2020 | Polish Journal of Environmental Studies29 ( 4 )

In this study, benzo(a)pyrene-water-oxygen systems were investigated in wide ranges of change of temperature value and initial components to predict in which conditions benzo(a)pyrene degraded into more harmful substances. Consequently, the thermodynamic parameters of the benzo(a)pyrene-water-oxygen system were calculated and the concentration distribution of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen-containing particles in the gas phase were established. Adding water into the system allowed decreasing of carbon and acetylene. These elements are the key elements of benzo(a)pyrene formation. According to this, the main parameter for reducing the c . . .oncentration of benzo(a)pyrene in the gas phase was the water content in fuel oil within 10-15%. Determination of the concentration of benzo(a)pyrene in samples of flue gases of DKVR-4/13 and PTVM- 30M boiler units of the Teplokommunoenergo heating organization of Bishkek city was carried out by chromatographic method. Concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene were found to compare the product of burning ordinary fuel oil and water fuel emulsion. Homogenization of the fuel-air mixture by adding water to the fuel oil allowed us to obtain an inverse emulsion and reduce the concentration of benzo(a)pyrene in flue gases up to 62%. According to this, a new process flowsheet of water fuel emulsions production was proposed for the heating organization More less

Using the Turkish Red Pine Tree to Monitor Heavy Metal Pollution

İbrahim İlker ÖZYİĞİT

Article | 2020 | Polish Journal of Environmental Studies29 ( 5 )

Turkish red pine is an evergreen tree species widely distributed in the Aegean and Mediterranean regions in Turkey. In the present work, the heavy metal pollution level in Istanbul was investigated using Turkish red pine as a biomonitor. For determining heavy metal concentrations (Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni and Pb) in leaf (unwashed and washed) and bark samples of Turkish red pine and its co-located soil samples we used ICP-OES. Additionally, particulate matter profiles of the research areas were investigated. The samples were collected from 5 different localities: 4 from the Bosporus region (Yildiz Grove, Fethi Pasha Grove, Baltalimani Gro . . .ve and Mihrabad Grove) and one from Prince Island, also known as Buyukada (as control). According to our measurements, the highest heavy metal accumulations (in mg kg(-1) DW) in plant part samples were measured between 1.526 /- 0.012 and 1.639 /- 0.015 for Cd, 0.543 /- 0.007 and 0.600 /- 0.009 for Co, 5.110 /- 0.064 and 5.648 /- 0.072 for Cr, 9.347 /- 0.105 and 10.331 /- 0.111 for Mn, 7.483 /- 0.091 and 8.271 /- 0.096 for Ni, and 13.848 /- 0.159 and 14.950 /- 0.167 for Pb, while the highest heavy metal accumulations (in mg kg(-1) DW) in soil samples were measured between 1.813 /- 0.021 and 1.974 /- 0.029 for Cd, 6.326 /- 0.082 and 6.992 /- 0.091 for Co, 22.017 /- 0.284 and 23.685 /- 0.301 for Cr, 268.333 /- 3.153 and 297.361 /- 3.529 for Mn, 15.194 /- 0.176 and 16.792 /- 0.193 for Ni, and 68.778 /- 0.715 and 74.514 /- 0.883 for Pb. The highest outdoor particulate matter levels (in mu g/m(3)) in research areas were also determined as 27.103 for fine (PM2.5) and 67.792 for coarse (PM10) aerosols. The findings revealed that Turkish red pine could accumulate noteworthy amounts of heavy metals More less

Ecological Assessment of Technogenically Disturbed Soils of the Mountain Ecosystems of Kyrgyz Republic Based on the TRIAD Method

Nurzat TOTUBAYEVA | Kanatbek KOCOBAYEV | Aygül USUBALİYEVA | Ciyde TOKPAEVA

Article | 2022 | Polish Journal of Environmental Studies31 ( 3 )

Comprehensive studies of soil contamination were performed in the area of settlement Kichi-Kemin (Kyrgyz Republic). Soils of the Kyrgyz Republic are exposed to waste (tailings) of many industrial enterprises of the mining industry not far from the village of A k-Tuz, located 145 km from the capital of Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, at an altitude of 2300 m above sea level. It is noted that 4.17 million tons of radioactive waste from one of the enterprises were once disposed of at four tailings in the Kichi-Kemin Valley. The main waste elements are radioactive thorium, heavy metals such as cadmium, molybdenum, lead, zinc, beryllium, and o . . .xides of hafnium and zirconium. The impact of these wastes on soil ecotoxicity and microbial communities is not yet well understood. In this work, soil environmental assessment near waste deposits were investigated using an integrated method known as the Triad approach. The integral index of soil disturbance was calculated from the data of ecological observations of soil microbial communities (bioindication), data of ecotoxicological index by phytotesting approach (bioassay), and chemical index reflecting the results of a quantitative chemical analysis of the content of pollutants. The ecological index, calculated from the bioindication parameters of the soil microbiota communities, has become a reputable indicator of the state of soils from vulnerable mountain ecosystems. Studies of soil microorganisms have shown a decrease in species diversity in contaminated soils. The most resistant species of fungi were Aspergillus and Penicillium. Among the actinomycetes of the genus Streptomyces, the Albus and Cinereus sections proved to be stable. Estimation of anthropogenic impacts on mountain ecosystems in the Kyrgyz Republic using the Triad approach has shown that the most sensitive toxicity index in the soils of the Ak-Tuz is the ecotoxicological indicator litoxRI determined by the phytotesting method. The integrated index calculated on the basis of the Triad method gave a more complete picture of the influence of pollutants on the soils ecosystem of the Ak-Tuz, characterizing its severe deterioration More less

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