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Thermal and Optical Properties of In and In2O3 Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Pulsed Plasma in Water

Emil ÖMÜRZAK

Article | 2018 | Physica Status Solidi (A) – Applications and Materials Science215 ( 11 )

We present small indium (In) nanoparticles with an average diameter of 4.5 nm synthesized by pulsed plasma in water. Slightly increased lattice constants and thermal stability of the tetragonal In are revealed by X‐ray diffraction analysis, Rietveld refinement, and thermogravimetric analysis. The highly crystalline body‐centered cubic indium oxide (In2O3) nanoparticles with an average diameter of 12 nm and various shapes (semispherical, semihexagonal, and semicubic) are obtained by annealing the as‐synthesized In nanoparticles at 450 °C. The bandgap energy of the In2O3 nanoparticles is 3.63 eV; the value is 25?igher than that of bul . . .k In2O3 and comparable to those of In2O3 nanoparticles/thin films prepared by other methods, despite their smaller siz More less

The relationship between Th1/Th2 cytokine polarization and milk composition in the postnatal period in Kyrgyz mares and foals

Fatih Ramazan İSTANBULLUGİL | Ali RIŞVANLI | Ruslan SALIKOV | Nariste KADIRALİYEVA | Ayday CUNUŞOVA

Article | 2023 | Reproduction in Domestic Animals58 ( 6 )

Immune compatibility between mare and foal is one of the important topics of reproductive immunology. At this point, although there are many studies on antibodies, there are not many publications on the relationship between the cytokine levels of mare, foal and milk and the effects of milk composition on this relationship. Here we investigate the relationship between Th1/Th2 cytokine balance and milk composition in Kyrgyz mares and foals. Samples were taken soon after the foal was born and on days 5, 10 and 20 after birth. Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10) cytokine levels in blood samples were measured using a com . . .mercial ELISA kit. Dry matter, fat, protein and non-fat dry matter ratios were determined in the mare's milk and colostrum. We detected no Th1/Th2 polarization in the mare's milk on the day of the foal's birth (day 0) and day 10, but there was Th1 polarization on day 5 and Th2 cytokine polarization on day 20. There was no polarization in the blood sera of the mares on days 0, 5, and 10, and Th1 cytokine polarization was also detected on day 20. We detected no Th1/Th2 cytokine polarization in the blood sera of the foals on any of the days. Dry matter (19.66 ± 0.39), protein (16.56 ± 0.18), fat (2.13 ± 0.17), and non-fat dry matter (17.59 ± 0.44) were higher in colostrum than the other days. When the correlations between cytokine levels in milk samples and milk composition were examined, there was a positive correlation between IL-5 level and protein ratio on day 10. We detected a positive correlation between IL-2 level and the fat rate on day 20. There was a positive correlation between the IL-2 level and the non-fat dry matter ratio on day 20. Further studies are now needed to determine the relationship between the changes in the composition of mare's milk in the postnatal period and Th1/Th2 cytokine polarization in mares and foals at the time of birth and in the postnatal period. Our finding that protein and fat ratios in mare's milk in the postnatal period are positively correlated with IL-2 levels should be considered in terms of foal and human nutrition. Keyword: cytokine; foal; Kyrgyz mares; mare mil More less

Investigation of the effect of surface modification types on the tribological performance of cow bone powder reinforced polymer materials

Refik POLAT

Article | 2023 | Polymer Composites44 ( 12 )

This study investigated the production, characterization, mechanical and tribo-logical performance of surface-modified cow bone powder-reinforced composites. The primary goal was to increase the tribological and mechanical performance of sustainable and cleanly produced composite materials. It was determined that the surface-modified bone powder reinforcement increased the mechanical, thermal, and wear resistance of the polymer. The best surface modification method was determined as silanization. It reduced the friction coefficient and weight loss by 16.60 and 40.0, respectively, according to the main factor analysis. In addition, i . . .t increased the glass transition temperature by 45.54, crystallization by 2.93, hardness by 2.70, and tensile strength by 9.26 compared to the unmodified bone powder reinforcement. Keyword: composites; interfaces; mechanical propertie More less

Synthesis of poly(Oak bark) particles from oak bark extract and its utilization as a drug carrier material

Nahit AKTAŞ

Article | 2023 | Vietnam Journal of Chemistry61 ( 6 )

As oak bark extract includes pharmaceutically meaningful precious biochemicals such as vanillic acid, quercetin, catechin, caffeic acid, gallic acid, ferulic acid, syringic acid, chlorogenic acid, q-coumaric and protocatechuic acid, the present study focuses on synthesizing polymeric particles from that extract while keeping their targeted natural bioactivity. In this study, due to the bioavailability of oak bark extracts, poly(Oak bark)water extract (p(OB)w), poly(Oak bark)ethanol extract (p(OB)e) and poly(Oak bark)water-ethanol extract (p(OB)we) particles were synthesized using redox polymerization method. Additionally, the biocom . . .patibility, hydrogen peroxide scavenging (H2O2), antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of these substances were investigated. The characterization of the synthesized particles was conducted by FTIR and SEM methods. It was determined that even low amounts of particles (1 mg) had high antioxidant and H2O2 activity. It was found that the particles (0.1 mg/mL) showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans within the parameters tested for antimicrobial activity. Paracetamol, which is widely used as a model drug and especially recommended for use in the Covid-19 outbreak, was chosen to test the release potential of the p(OB)w, p(OB)e and p(OB)w-e particles. Paracetamol release studies were measured with a UV-VIS spectrophotometer at pH 7.4 and 37°C. Keyword: antioxidant; biocompatible; H2O2 scavenging; Oak bark extract; particl More less

The influence of L-proline and fulvic acid on oxidative stress and semen quality of buffalo bull semen following cryopreservation

Damla ARSLAN ACARÖZ

Article | 2023 | Veterinary Medicine and Science9 ( 4 )

BackgroundThis study investigates the effects of cryopreservation and supplementation of Azeri water buffalo's semen with proline (Lp) and fulvic acid (FA). ObjectivesTherefore, this study aimed to assess motility parameters, sperm viability, oxidative stress parameters, and DNA damage to detect the optimum concentrations of Lp and FA for buffalo semen cryopreservation. MethodsThirty semen samples of three buffalo bulls were diluted in Tris-egg yolk extender and divided into 12 equal groups including control (C), Lp-10, Lp-20, Lp-40, Lp-60, Lp-80 (containing 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 mM L-proline, respectively), FA-0.2, FA-0.5, FA-0.8, FA- . . .1.1, FA-1.4 and FA-1.7 (containing 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 1.1, 1.4 and 1.7 fulvic acid, respectively). ResultsThe velocity parameters, TM and PM were improved by FA-1.7, FA-1.4, Lp-40 and Lp-60 groups compared to the C group but no significant difference was found regarding the amplitude of lateral head displacement and straightness compared to the control groups. The percentage of sperm viability and PMF were increased by FA-1.7, FA-1.4, FA-1.1, Lp-40 and Lp-60 groups compared to C group, while in terms of sperm DNA damage FA-1.7, FA-1.4, FA-1.1, Lp-10, Lp-20, Lp-40 and Lp-60 groups showed better results compared to C group. The results also showed that FA-1.7, FA-1.4, FA-1.1, Lp-20, Lp-40 and Lp-60 groups could improve TAC, SOD, GSH and decrease MDA levels. Also, FA-1.7, FA-1.4, Lp-20 and Lp-40 groups could improve GPx levels but just FA-1.7, and Lp-40 groups could improve CAT levels compared to C group. ConclusionsThus, it can be concluded that L-proline and fulvic acid supplementations can improve the quality parameters of post-thawed buffalo bull semen. Keyword: azari water buffalo; fulvic acid; L-proline; post-thawed seme More less

p(thyme oil) and p(clove oil) organo-particles with biocompatible, anticancer, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties against Capan-1 and L-929 cells

Nahit AKTAŞ

Article | 2023 | Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering102 ( 1 )

The synthesis of p(ClO) and p(TO) organo-particles from clove oil and thyme oil is the first in the literature. The particles were tested against the L-929 cell line for cell viability/cytotoxicity. The anticancer activity was studied against the Capan-1 pancreatic cancer cell line. p(ClO) and p(TO) organo-particles were featured by thermogravimetry (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size (DLS), and particle charge (zeta potential, Zeta) analyses. Antioxidant, biocompatible, antimicrobial, and in vitro cytotoxicity specialties were investigated. p(ClO) and p(TO) organ . . .o-particles were found to be effective on the L-929 fibroblast cell line and Capan-1 pancreatic cancer cell line in research on Capan-1 and L-929 cell lines. Additionally, it was shown that large dosages of p(ClO) organo-particles were not hazardous to L-929 cell lines. A difference was found between the rates of cell viability and apoptosis and necrosis when the MTT study findings of p(ClO) and p(TO) organo-particles were studied in Capan-1 cell line. The p(TO) organo-particle had the highest apoptosis rate. At the 100 g mL(-1) concentration, the fibroblast cell viability of p(ClO) and p(TO) organo-particles was 176.46 and 107.78, respectively. The IC50 value derived for the decrease in viability was determined as (2.22 mg mL(-1)) and it was calculated that it would kill the pancreatic cancer cells by 50 when doxorubicin and p(ClO) were administered combined. Keyword: cell; clove oil; organo-particle; thymol oi More less

A new host for Fusarium algeriense causing crown and root rot on barley in Kyrgyzstan

Sezim COLDOŞBEKOVA | İsmail ERPER

Article | 2022 | New Disease Reports46 ( 2 )

After maize, wheat and rice, barley is the most widely planted and economically important cereal crop in the Kyrgyzstan's highlands (Usubaliev et al., 2013) and worldwide. In two barley fields in the Manas district of Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, diseased plants exhibiting crown and root rot, stunting and brown discolouration on internodes were observed in 2020. Disease incidence was approximately 5 in the two fields.Small sections of root and crown tissues from diseased plants were surface sterilised in 1 (v/v) sodium hypochlorite solution for one minute before being placed onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with streptomycin (0.1 g/l . . .). Plates were incubated at 23°C in the dark for five days in order to isolate the pathogen(s). Five Fusarium isolates with similar morphology were selected and purified on fresh PDA and Spezieller-Nährstoffarmer agar (SNA) plates using the hyphal tip method. After one week of incubation under a 12 hour photoperiod, pure colonies were orange-white on PDA (Figure 1). Ellipsoidal microconidia produced in false heads on monophialides were usually aseptate (8.30 ± 1.17 × 2.56 ± 0.24 μm, n 50) and occasionally one-septate (21.89 ± 2.01 × 2.95 ± 0.30 μm, n 50) (Figure 2). Sporodochial macroconidia were mostly 3–4 septate, measuring 43.40 ± 2.82 × 4.11 ± 0.51 μm (n 50) (Figure 3). Chlamydospores were absent More less

Specialized wool production economy of prehistoric farmstead of Chap I in the highlands of Central Tian Shan (Kyrgyzstan)

Kubatbek TABALDİYEV

Article | 2020 | International Journal of Osteoarchaeology31 ( 1 )

Agro-pastoral economies of prehistoric populations of Central Tian Shan highlands (2,000 masl and higher) have been poorly studied to date. Currently, we lack a general understanding of mobility and seasonality patterns of livestock herding and also lack knowledge about management strategies for particular productive goals in these high mountain valleys. In this paper, we report the results of the first systematic zooarchaeological analysis from the Final Bronze Age-Early Iron Age settlement Chap I located in Central Tian Shan highlands and discuss the data in relation to zooarchaeological evidence from contemporaneous sites in Cent . . .ral Asia. Our research has shown that Chap I was dominated by four domesticated herbivores: cattle, horses, sheep and goats. Data from Chap I demonstrate a strong focus on the exploitation of sheep and goats for meat and secondary products. Analysis of collagen peptides (ZooMS) from sheep/goats indicated that sheep were kept in greater numbers than goats. Sheep/goat mortality profiles and material evidence point to wool as an important product of highland pastoralism in the Central Tian Shan More less

A new approach for soft topology and soft function via soft element

İsmet ALTINTAŞ

Article | 2020 | Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences44 ( 9 )

In this article, we give some new properties of elementary operations on soft sets and then we introduce a new soft topology by using elementary operations over a universal set with a set of parameters called elementary soft topology. Also, we define a topology, members of which are collections of the soft elements and give the relation between this topology and elementary soft topology. We show that this new soft topology is different from those previously defined soft topologies. We prove some of the properties of the topological concepts we investigate in this topology. Finally, we describe soft function and soft continuity and g . . .ive an application of the soft function as soft set approach to the rotation inE3 More less

Experimental analysis of energy, performance and noise emissions for biodiesel fuel obtained from animal waste fat

Hüseyin ÖĞÜT

Article | 2022 | Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy41 ( 5 )

Animal fats are one of the biodiesel raw materials. In this study, biodiesel was produced from horse fat by transesterification method and the produced biodiesel was mixed with euro diesel at 5 by volume, and experimental fuels in the form of D-100 and D95B5 were obtained. Fuel properties of test fuels were determined. In addition, using the experimental fuels in a single-cylinder, four-stroke, water-cooled diesel engine, the data obtained by investigating the engine performances, energy analysis, and noise emissions were presented with graphics and interpreted. In the experiment results; D95B5 fuel produced 0.68 more torque than D- . . .100 fuel at maximum torque value and D95B5 fuel produced 4.06 more power than D-100 fuel at maximum engine power. In the minimum specific fuel consumption values, D-100 fuel consumed 4.70 less fuel than D95B5 fuel. In terms of energy analysis, results are given for the maximum torque speed 1200 rpm, minimum specific fuel consumption speed 1200 rpm, and maximum power speed 2000 rpm for the experimental fuels. In terms of noise emissions, the engine made 0.56 less noise in the use of D95B5 fuel compared to the use of D-100 fuel and 0.20 less noise at the maximum torque speed values, according to the average values of the maximum power cycle. As a result, adding 5 horse fat biodiesel to diesel fuel has yielded positive results in terms of engine performance, energy analysis and noise emission. This type of fuel can be used in diesel engines without any modification More less

Nematode-citrus plant interactions: host preference, damage rate and molecular characterization of Citrus root nematode Tylenchulus semipenetrans

Şenol YILDIZ

Article | 2023 | Plant Biology25 ( 6 )

center dot Citrus plants are host to several plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs), which are microscopic organisms. Among PPNs, the citrus root nematode, T. semipenetrans (Cobb 1913) (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae), causes significant damage to citrus plantations worldwide. Understanding citrus nematode populations, precise identification, host preference among citrus species, and damage threshold are crucial to control T. semipenetrans. The minutiae of citrus plant-nematode interactions, nematode density and molecular nematode identification are not well understood. In this study, nematode species and density in citrus orchards, host speci . . .alization, molecular and morphological characteristics of nematodes were assessed. center dot Molecular and morphological methods, host- nematode interactions, host (citrus species) preference, damage economic threshold (ET), and economic injury level (EIL) were determined using laboratory methods and field sampling. Citrus plantations in different provinces in the Mediterranean region of Turkey were investigated. center dot Nematode species were identified molecularly and morphologically. ITS sequences revealed that samples were infected by citrus root nematode T. semipenetrans. The lowest nematode density was in C. reticulata in Mersin (53 2nd stage juveniles (J2s) 100 g(-1) soil), while the highest density was from Hatay in C. sinensis (12173 J2s 100 g(-1) soil). Highest citrus nematode population density was on roots of C. reticulata, followed by C. sinensis, C. limon, and C. paradisi. center dot The citrus nematode is more common than was thought and population fluctuations change according to specific citrus species. Environmental conditions, host and ecological factors, such as temperature, soil pH, and soil nutrients, might influence nematode populations in citrus orchards. Investigating nematode density in diverse soil ecologies and the responses of different resistant/tolerant citrus species and cultivars to nematode populations is essential in future studies. Keyword: citrus nematode; host preference; ITS sequence; molecular characterizatio More less

Arsenic Removal by Electrocoagulation

Mehmet KOBYA

Chapter of Books | 2022 | Arsenic in Plants: Uptake, Consequences and Remediation Techniques

Because of the toxic impacts on human health, the arsenic (As) limit value in drinking water was decreased from 50 to 10 μg l −1 by the relevant authorities (WHO 1993; US EPA 2001). In this case, the problem of As pollution in natural water resources used for drinking water has grown even more and turned into a global crisis. According to reports in many parts of the world, over about 230 million people appear to be affected by high arsenic concentrations in groundwater. In this case, it turned out that there was a great need for cost-effective and environmentally friendly technologies from drinking water sources. One of the emergin . . .g water treatment technologies in recent years is electrocoagulation (EC) and it has been seen that it is effective in treating As (>99%) from water and eliminates some of the disadvantages of other conventional treatment processes. EC method includes electro-oxidation of anode electrode materials (iron and aluminum) and in situ production of coagulant agents. From groundwater resources with As content of 5–1000 μg l −1 , As removal efficiencies and operating costs (OCS) of EC technology using iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) anodes were 85.0–99.9% and 0.0020–1.04 US$ m −3 , respectively. Different types (plate, scrap, rod, and ball) of electrodes were used for As removal with the EC process, and it was observed that Fe electrodes or FeAl hybrid electrodes performed better in As removal. In addition, it has been determined that arsenate (As(V)) removal is more effective than arsenite (As(III)). A significant quantity of As(III) is oxidized in the EC process, resulting in precipitation, adsorption, and metal-oxy hydroxylic complex reactions. EC process has a lower OC to achieve As removal below the permissible WHO value compared to conventional treatment processes, accomplishing it as a further applicable option for As removal More less

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