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Comparative analysis of ideas about self efficacy in relation to special education and inclusive education

Erkan EFİLTİ

Article | 2021 | Voprosy Istorii / Вопросы истории10 ( 1 )

The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is a linear relationship between guidance counselors’ self-efficacy perceptions about special education and their attitudes towards inclusive education. The design of the study was based on the quantitative and descriptive survey research. The research group of the study consisted of 173 guidance counselors who were randomly selected among 246 guidance counselors working in public schools in Sakarya in the 2018-2019 academic year.

Introduction and Development of a New National Holiday for 'The History and Commemoration of Ancestors' in Kyrgyzstan: A Content Analysis of News

Yunus Emre GÜRBÜZ | Gökçe YOĞURTÇU

Article | 2021 | Voprosy Istorii / Вопросы истории5 ( 1 )

Kyrgyzstan conceptualized and introduced a new national holiday, “the History and Commemoration of Ancestors”, by a presidential decree, in 2017. This holiday incorporates November 7, the Day of October Revolution, and November 8, and it aims to remember the significant historical events in the history of the Kyrgyz people and commemorate their ancestors. In this study, the introduction discussions and development of this “invented tradition” is documented, described, analyzed and interpreted. The classified themes of news and frequencies of mentioned historical events demonstrate which subjects are perceived as most significant his . . .torical events in the Kyrgyz history, and how they have been constructed conforming to criticisms More less

The Kok-Tash underground mausoleum in north-eastern Kyrgyzstan: the first-ever identified Qara Khitai elite tomb?

Kubatbek TABALDİYEV | Künbolot AKMATOV

Article | 2023 | Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society33 ( 3 )

The Qara Khitai or Western Liao dynasty (1124-1218) is one of the most fascinating polities in medieval Eurasia, but also one of the least documented in terms of both literary sources and material culture. Founded by Khitan refugees who escaped from North China when the Jurchen Jin dynasty (1115-1234) vanquished the Khitan Liao dynasty (907-1125), the Qara Khitai soon established a multicultural empire in Central Asia, combining Khitan, Chinese, and Muslim elements. The Buddhist Qara Khitai ruled over their mostly Muslim population in rare harmony until the rise of Chinggis Khan (r. 1206-1227). Hitherto only a few objects-and not a . . .single structure-have been associated with this powerful empire. We argue that the Kok-Tash mausoleum, excavated in 2017-2018 and originally interpreted as a unique subterranean Muslim mausoleum, is actually the first-ever identified Qara Khitai elite tomb.This unique tomb, located in the Kochkor valley of north-eastern Kyrgyzstan, about a day's ride from the Qara Khitai capital of Balasaghun, shares many similarities with the Liao tombs in North China, notably the typical Khitan mesh-wire burial suit. Yet it also uses local Central Asian materials and techniques, thereby manifesting how the Qara Khitai managed to retain their cultural identity in their new Central Asian and mostly Muslim environment. Moreover, identifying the Kok Tash mausoleum as a Qara Khitai tomb allows us to reassess several other unusual tombs excavated in the region in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and to suggest attributing them, too, to the Qara Khitai. Keyword: Qara Khitai; Liao dynasty tombs; Kok-Tash mausoleum; cultural identity; Kyrgyzstan; mesh burial sui More less

Above ground and underground-An integrated approach of the burial mounds within the Suusamyr plateau, Kyrgyzstan

Kubatbek TABALDİYEV | Künbolot AKMATOV

Article | 2023 | Archaeological Research in Asia35

Archaeological research in the Kyrghyz Tian Shan Mountains using state-of-the-art technology such as geophysical investigations and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is still in its early stages. The current investigations have shed light on the complexity of burial grounds in the Suusamyr Plateau, where over 951 structures have withstood the test of time and now serve as a silent expression of ancient civilizations. This study utilized an integrative approach that combined UAV data and geophysical prospection to map surface and subsurface features. Of the identified structures, 68.2 are burial mounds, 93 of which are simple mounds an . . .d 7 of which are complex collared mounds. The typological diversity of the burial mounds suggests that they were constructed starting with the Late Bronze Age up to the Turkic period. Subsurface investigations at four sites supplemented surface information, revealing a complex pattern of outer rings of stone circles surrounding the large burial mounds. The combined approach consisting of aerial, ground level and subsurface investigations proved invaluable for gaining an integrative perspective of the Suusamyr Plateau burial grounds. Although excavation is needed for absolute chronology, this research offers insights into prehistoric cultures and underscores the importance of continued conservation efforts, given current anthropic threats. Keyword: burial mound; magnetometry; stone circle; suusamyr plateau; Tian Shan mountains; unmanned aerial vehicl More less

Exploring Landscape Archaeology and UAV-Based Survey in the Kochkor Valley, Kyrgyzstan

Kubatbek TABALDİYEV

Article | 2021 | Journal of Field Archaeology47 ( 1 )

From the earliest archaeological investigations along Central Asia's Tien Shan range, researchers have noted the diversity of highland communities and their participation in complex subsistence, exchange, and political systems. However, landscape archaeological approaches that might address socio-economic integrations have been limited by discontinuous, sometimes skewed datasets. Here, we present the results of UAV-based survey at Kok-Sai, an upland alluvial slope in the Kochkor Valley of north-central Kyrgyzstan, in which we identified more than 900 archaeological features in a 380 ha study area. Burials comprise roughly half of th . . .e identified features; stone structures, water catchments, irrigation channels, and terraces make up the other half. In an iterative interpretive process, we examine this busy landscape against high-resolution topographic and hydrological models, identifying repeated investment in the local physical and cultural infrastructure. Beyond the creation of a denser archaeological map for the area, the details of long-term, local landscape creation afforded by this study intersect with ongoing discussions of the organizational strategies and scales of highland agro-pastoralism More less

The Intellectual Disputes on the Establishment of a National Autonomous Republic in Kyrgyzstan in the Early Years of the Soviet Period = Sovyet Döneminin İlk Yıllarında Kırgızistan’da Millî Özerk Cumhuriyet Kurma Konusundaki Fikrî Münakaşalar

Anvarbek MOKEEV | Zuhra ALTIMIŞOVA

Article | 2019 | BELLETEN83 ( 298 )

1920’li yıllarda Bolşevikler Türkistan’da Komünist ideoloji ışığında bölgedeki Türk halklarının siyasî, sosyal ve ekonomik yapısını kökten değiştirerek sosyalist bir model yerleştirme hareketini başlatmışlardır. Ancak Moskova yönetimi, bu modeli yerleştirme konusunda yerli Kırgız asıllı bürokratların farklı görüşleri olabileceğini ya dikkate almamış, ya düşünememiş veya tahmin edememiştir. Sonuçta Komünist Parti’nin Kırgızistan şubesi bünyesinde hizipleşme hareketi ortaya çıkmış ve Moskova, iki ayrı grubun farklı görüşleriyle uğraşmak zorunda kalmıştır. Kırgızistan’da birine Abdikerim Sıdıkov’un, diğerine ise Rahmankul Hudaykulov’un . . . liderlik ettiği iki grup arasında ciddî bir mücadele sürmüştür. İki grup arasında mücadele, özellikle Dağlı Kırgız Vilayeti (1922) ve Kara Kırgız Özerk Vilayeti (1924) projesi çerçevesinde sert bir şekilde yaşanmıştır. Fakat Moskova’nın doğrudan temsilcisi olan Komünist Parti Kırgızistan Vilayet Komitesi Genel Başkanı Mihail Kamenskiy, R. Hudaykulov’un grubunu desteklemiş ve sonuçta A. Sıdıkov taraftarları yüksek devlet görevlerinden azledilmişlerdir. Bunun üzerine Moskova entrikalarının asıl amacını anlayamayan 30 kadar devlet adamından oluşan Sıdıkovcular, 1925’te durumu Kremlin’e şikayet etmek zorunda kalmışlardır. Bu hadise, Kırgızistan tarihinde “Otuzcular Mektubu” olarak bilinmektedir. Fakat “Otuzcular Mektubu”, üst yönetim tarafından “milliyetçilik”le suçlanmış ve sözkonusu mektubu imzalayanlar çeşitli cezalara çarptırılmışlardır. Her iki grupta bulunan ilk Kırgız Sovyet bürokratlarının kökeni, 1917 Ekim İhtilaline kadar burjuva olarak adlandırılan varlıklı kesime dayanıyordu. Ve onlar “sağcı” (Sıdıkovcu) ile “solcu” (Hudaykulovcu) grupları oluşturmasına rağmen kendi çıkarını her zaman ilk plana koyan Kremlin her ikisini de sonuna kadar desteklemek niyetinde değildi. Bu sebeple temizlik sırası 1926’da R. Hudaykulov grubuna gelince, kendilerine “Sovyet rejimine karşı “Ur-Tokmok” örgütünü kurma” suçuyla dava açılmış ve grup üyelerinin çoğu hapsedilmiştir. Şubat 1927’de Frunze (günümüzde Bişkek) şehrinde Moskova’dan gönderilen Özel Mahkeme tarafından “Ur-Tokmok davası” görüşüldü. Duruşma sonunda Kremlin’in kararıyla Komüminst Parti’nin Kırgızistan şubesi, “sosyal yönden yabancı unsurlardan” ayıklanmış, yani bir çok Kırgız asıllı bürokrat parti üyeliğinden çıkartılmıştır. Daha sonra ise 1937-1938 Repressiya döneminde, hem “sağcılara” hem de “solculara” katılan Kırgız siyaset ve devlet adamlarının büyük kısmı hayatlarını kaybetmişlerdir. Makalemizde 1920’li yıllarda Kırgızistan’da yaşanan bu önemli siyasî olayların sebep ve sonuçları tahlil edilecektir. Anahtar Kelime: Sovyet dönemi, Kırgızistan, Devletçilik, A. Sıdıkov, R. Hudaykulov In 1920s, in Turkestan the Bolsheviks initiated the foundation of a socialist model by radically altering the political, social and economic structure of Turkic peoples in the light of communist ideology. However, in implementing this model Moscow administration ignored or had not been able to assume that the Kyrgyz bureaucrats might have had different views in this context. As a result, a movement of disintegration had emerged within the Kyrgyzstan branch of the Communist Party, and Moscow had to deal with different opinions of two groups. In Kyrgyzstan, there had been a struggle between two groups led by Abdykerim Sydykov and Rakhmankul Khudaikulov. The struggle between these two groups was very harsh, which was especially intense about the project of Mountain Kyrgyz District (1922) and Kara Kyrgyz Autonomous District (1924). However, the direct representative of Moscow and First Secretary of the Kyrgyz Regional Communist Party Committee Mikhail Kamensky supported Khudaikulov’s group and as a result, the supporters of A.Sydykov were dismissed from the upper state apparatus. Therefore, in 1925, A.Sydykov’s group, which was composed of about thirty statesmen, who could not understand the real intention of Moscow, had to complain about it to Kremlin. This event is known as “The Letter of 30s” in history. However, “The Letter of 30s” was evaluated as a nationalist attempt by the higher state apparatus and the signatories of the letter were punished in different ways. The origins of the first Kyrgyz Soviet bureaucrats in both groups go back to the wealthy social group called as bourgeoisie, before 1917 October Revolution. Although they formed the "rightist" (Sydykov) and the "leftist" (Khudaikulov) groups, Kremlin, which always put its own interests on the first plan, did not intend to support both of them till the end. For this reason, in 1926, when it was time for R.Hudaykulov's group to be liquidated, they had been charged “for founding anti-Soviet ‘Ur-Tokmok’ organization” and most of the group members were imprisoned. In February 1927, in the city of Frunze (nowadays Bishkek) the “Ur-Tokmok case” was examined by a Special Court sent from Moscow. At the end of this case, Kyrgyz Regional Communist Party had been cleared of “foreign social elements” by Kremlin’s decision, thus many bureaucrats of Kyrgyz origin were removed from party membership. Later, during the 1937-1938 Repression, most Kyrgyz politicians and statesmen, who participated in the "rightist" or the "leftist" groups lost their lives. In this article, the causes and consequences of these important political events in Kyrgyzstan, in the 1920s will be analyzed. Keywords: Soviet period, Kyrgyzstan, statehood, A.Sydykov, R.Khudaikulo More less

Rise of dataism (The dawn of dataism) = Рассвет датаизма

Güntekin ŞİMŞEK

Article | 2021 | Voprosy Istorii / Вопросы истории8 ( 2 )

С каждым днем, по мере появления новых продуктов и изобретений, технологии во всем мире стремительно развиваются. Однако самым важным объектом, тесно связанным с технологиями, остается человек. В скором времени миром будут править те, кто владеет информацией, построив собственные цифровые империи. На этой основе и возникает понятие «датаизм», которое провозглашают религией будущего. В данной статье представлен литературный обзор на тему датаизма. Даны определение понятия «датаизм», его основная цель и заповеди. Также были изучены понятия социализм, либерализм, место человека в датаизме, ум и сознание, религии данных, свобода информа . . .ции More less

«Codex Cumanicus» and the Kazakh language = «Codex Cumanicus» и казахский язык

Erdal AYDOĞMUŞ

Article | 2022 | Voprosy Istorii / Вопросы истории6 ( 1 )

With the end of the 13th century and in the first half of the the 14th century one of the most important works of Kipchak Turkish - «Codex Cumanicus» - was written in the North of the Black Sea. It is known that there are similarites and parallels between Kazakh Turkish one of the Kipchak dialecst and «Codex Cumanicus». In this article, the common verbs in Kazakh Turkish with «Codex Cumanicus» are reviewed. «Codex Cumanicus», который был написан в конце XIII - первой половине XIV в. на севере Черноморского побережья, является одним из важнейших произведений кыпчаков. Между казахским языком, который относится к кыпчакской группе, и « . . .Codex Cumanicus» есть сходства и языковые параллели. В данной статье рассматриваются общие глаголы в казахском языке и в «Codex Cumanicus» More less

Kutadgu Bilig's Philosophical Context = Kutadgu Bilig’in Felsefe Bağlamı

Vefa TAŞDELEN

Article | 2019 | Milli Folklor: Uluslararası Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi ( 124 )

Kutadgu Bilig is one of the first works of the history of Turkish culture which shows the possibilities of Turkish in a wide area. It is a work that has not only literary but also conceptual richness and intellectual connotations that will create a philosophical context. In the answer to the question of what is philosophical text, we can say rationality, posing problems, consistency, producing new concepts, discursive approach, deep and thorough thinking, having a philosophical attitude and forming context within the history of philosophy. Many of these features can be seen in Kutadgu Bilig. First of all, is there any way to make go . . .od fortune permanent for the life of the state, society and individual; what might be the contribution of reason and knowledge about that? And raises many sub questions around that basic question. There are many terms in it that constitute the conceptual structure of the work, such as good fortune, knowledge, reason, virtue, state, justice, merit, administration, happiness, language, truth, life and death, that have a specific place in the history of philosophy. It is not difficult to say that in the history of philosophy, Kutadgu Bilig forms a context before and after itself and takes place in a tradition with the subjects and concepts it dealt with, although it is not the philosophers to whom it is explicitly referred to. Philosophical ideas, including the modem era, have emerged not only in conceptual and speculative works, but also in literary works through a story. The descriptive and imaginary literary language of these works can be translated into the conceptual language of philosophy. As for Kutadgu Bilig, he had a conceptual structure around a certain problem, which he deserved to qualify as philosophical text through a story, at a philosophical and pedagogical level, sometimes in a conceptual, sometimes descriptive and imaginary language. This conceptualization emerges in a wide range from the subject of being and knowledge to the philosophical context to the question of belief and death which is also on the agenda of modern philosophy. With this feature, Kutadgu Bilig, through Plato, Aristotle, Farabi, Ibn Khaldun, Kinalizade Ali, Locke, Rousseau, Kant, Wittgenstein, Heidegger reach the present day, can be expanded if desired on a philosophical context. Kutadgu Bilig's philosophical texture, which includes political, legal, moral, educational, religious, and other existential issues necessitates its evaluation in a philosophical context. This article, which is based on the concept of philosophical context, aims to investigate the place of Kutadgu Bilig in the history of philosophy with its basic concepts and views before and after its and to provide examples on this subject. The parallelism between philosophers and philosophies can be seen as the fact that truth manifests itself in different aspects in different cultures, places and times. In this respect, they may be called comrade thoughts or twin thoughts More less

The Ethnical Naming of the Kyrgyzes in 17th-19th Century Russian Historical Sources = XVII-XIX. Yüzyıl Rus Tarihi Kaynaklarında Kırgızların Etnik Adlandırılışı

Döölötbek SAPARALİEV

Article | 2010 | BELLETEN74 ( 271 )

XVII-XIX. yüzyıllar arasındaki Kırgız tarihinin araştırılmasında, Rus tarihî kaynaklarının önemi büyüktür. Bu kaynaklar, arşiv belgeleri, diplomatlarla seyyahların tuttukları günlükler ve bilim adamlarının ilmî çalışmaları olmak üzere üç grupta yer alır. Bu zengin kaynaklarda, Kırgızların etnik olarak adlandırılması farklı bir şekilde verilmektedir. Bu etnik adlandırmaların bazen Kazaklar ve Hakaslarla da ilişki-lendirilmesi, bunların ilmî çalışmalarda daha iyi bir şekilde kullanılmasın zorlaştırmıştır. Makalede bu soru sistemli bir şekilde açıklanıp ortaya koyulmaya çalışılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Alatay Kırgız, Ak Burutlar, Bur . . .ut, Kırgız, Kaysak, Kırk Cüz, Hakas = Russian historical sources are very important in searching the Kyrgyz history between the 17th-19th centuries. These sources can be classified into three categories as the archival materials, diaries of diplomats and travelers, and valuable works of the scholars. The ethnic naming of the Kyrgyzes is given in different ways in these rich sources. The fact that this ethnic naming was sometimes related with the Kazaks and the Hakhas people caused difficulties in its usage in scholarly works. In this article, we try to study and elaborate on this question systematically. Key Words: Alatay Kyrgyzs, Ak Buruts, Burut, Kyrgyz, Kaysak, Kırk Jüz, Hakas More less

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