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Bioremediation approaches for oil contaminated soils in extremely high-mountainous conditions

Nurzat TOTUBAYEVA | Ciyde TOKPAEVA | Canarbek İZAKOV | Mirlan MOLDOBAYEV

Article | 2023 | Plant, Soil and Environment69 ( 4 )

Development of methods for bioremediation of soils contaminated with petroleum products is one of the most urgent tasks of our time. This task is more difficult to perform in high-mountainous landscapes, at an altitude of more than 4 000 m a.s.l. Moreover, these high-mountain ecosystems are the most vulnerable to various kinds of anthropogenic impacts, and therefore the relevance of bioremediation is obvious. The research was conducted in the high-altitude ecosystems of the Kyrgyz Republic at the Kumtor mine. In this study was carried out on the bioremediation of oil contaminated soil using biostimulation, bioaugmentation and biosti . . .mulation bioaugmentation remediation techniques for 90 days in the climatic conditions of high mountain region. The biostimulation treatment showed the highest total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) biodegradation percentage 62.78 compared to the bioaugmentation 50.63 and biostimulation bioaugmentation 49.11. Thus, the method of biostimulation proved to be the most effective method for bioremediation of soils contaminated with petroleum products. The application of this method could be one of the successful methods of recycling contaminated soils. This study demonstrated the possibility of restoring TPH-polluted soils using biological methods of soil treatment in climatic cold conditions of high mountains. Keywords: soil contamination; oil products; hazardous waste landfill; soil microorganism; cold regio More less

Electrochemical oxidation of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) from simulated soil leachate and landfill leachate concentrate

Mehmet KOBYA

Article | 2023 | Journal of Water Process Engineering56

The near-widespread presence of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in humans has generated concerns regarding the potential negative impact of these chemicals on human health, as some PFASs are exceedingly persistent and bioaccumulative. Among the perfluorinated PFASs, which exhibit high polarity and strong carbon–fluorine bonds, perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) is one of the frequently encountered species. In this study, the efficiency of electrooxidation (EO) and its application in groundwater simulation were first evaluated as a realistic approach to PFOS removal. After optimizing EO parameters including the solution pH, . . .current density, and the effects of inlet concentration and the anode material, 83 total organic carbon (TOC) removal was obtained. In groundwater experiments, in which the infiltration of PFOS from soil layers into groundwater was simulated, 79 TOC removal efficiency was achieved in the more complex groundwater; moreover, an F− ion concentration of 8.78 mg/L was obtained from the decomposition of PFOS. To increase the realism of the simulation, the leachate process was repeated four times, and the EO process was applied to each sequential leachate. In addition, the process efficiency was studied in real landfill leachate wastewater to which PFOS had been added. Despite the challenging wastewater composition, 84 TOC removal efficiency was achieved. Together, these results indicate that BDD-anodic oxidation may be a practical method to treat PFOS-contaminated groundwater and wastewater. Keyword: electrochemical treatment; groundwater treatment; landfill leachate treatment; PFAS More less

Development of mountain tourism and general tourism in the Kyrgyz Republic = Развитие горного и общего туризма в Кыргызской Республике

Kanatbek KOCOBAYEV

Article | 2016 | Горный журнал / Gornyi Zhurnal ( 8 )

Рассказано об истории, текущем состоянии и проблемах туристической отрасли Кыргызстана. Туристический потенциал страны — огромный, однако экономическая отдача от него пока незначительная. В настоящее время наибольшее развитие получили два направления — рекреационный и культурно-познавательный туризм. Рекреационный туризм обеспечивает 90–95 % объема всех туристических услуг и базируется на потенциале оз. Иссык-Куль. Культурно-познавательное направление связано с уникальной природой и самобытной культурой кочевого народа гор. Большие перспективы развития имеет также экотуризм. - Ключевые слова: Кыргызская Республика, оз. Иссык-Куль, . . .приключенческий и рекреационный туризм, экотуризм, проблемы развития = The article describes the enormous tourism potential of the Kyrgyz Republic (KR) with the two most developed trends of recreation and culture- And- Adventure. The recreation tourism counts for 90-95 % of the overall tourism services and is stationed at the Issyk-Kul Lake; the tourism of culture- And- Adventure rests upon the unique nature and cultural identity of highland vagrant tribes. Ecotourism has a promising outlook in KR. The tourism development in KR has four determinate stages with the intrinsic features: before the Perestroika up to 1988; initiation (cut and try period) in 1988-1994; maturation or growth in 1995-2005; decelerated advance (slowdown) from 2006 down to recent time. In the time before the Perestroika, the recreation tourism was mostly developed and operated 285 public places to accommodate 98.3 thousand people at a capacity up to 538 thousand people yearly. The beginning of the Perestroika initiated private vacation hotels and inspired two new kinds of commercial tourism- Adventure (mountain climbing) and shop- Tourism. The revolution events in KR in March 2005 and April 2010 slowed down advance of tourism. Foreign tourists to visit the Republic in 2013 totaled 3076 thousand people. The authors have analyzed the current issues connected with the tourism development, including weak national policy and legislation in the tourism branch of industry, frequent changes to the government and status of the government agency engaged in tourism, even more frequent changes to the stuff of senior officials at the state tourism agency and the absence of continuity. Among the ways of improving the situation is the initiation of a ministerial office on tourism under management of the government of the Kyrgyz Republic. - Author keywords: Adventure and recreation tourism; Development issues; Ecotourism; Issyk-kul lake; Kyrgyz republi More less

A review on treatment of membrane concentrates generated from landfill leachate treatment processes

Mehmet KOBYA

Review | 2021 | Separation and Purification Technology259

Landfill leachate (LL) is highly toxic wastewater and comprises various pollutants such as organic compounds, biological organisms, xenobiotics, heavy metals, inorganic salts, and ammonia. The integration of conventional methods with membrane processes has become indispensable due to the enforcement of stricter regulations for the LL discharge. The integrated membrane technologies achieve a pollutant removal efficiency of higher than 95?ith a large volume of treated leachate and a low capital cost investment. However, the drawback of these processes is the production of a membrane concentrate with even more hazardous characteristics . . .. This review presents the state of the art methods along with the recent improvements to the existing processes for the treatment of membrane concentrates. The techniques are mainly divided into two categories of conventional, advanced methods and the hybridization of them. The operating conditions, performances of the individual processes along with wastewater characteristics were summarized in detail. Generally, the leachate concentrate properties such as salinity, COD, BOD5/COD ratio, and toxicity are essential parameters for the selection of appropriate treatment methods. It was found that single treatment processes are not able to reach desirable membrane concentrate treatment and need an engineered combination of these techniques to achieve satisfactory removal efficiencies More less

Synthesis and characterization of carboxymethyl shrimp chitosan (CMSCh) from waste shrimp shell

Mustafa DOLAZ

Article | 2020 | MANAS Journal of Engineering (MJEN)8 ( 2 )

Chitin, the main component of shellfish such as crab and shrimp, is one of the most used biopolymers after cellulose. Today, although recycling of waste is becoming increasingly important, large quantities of seafood shells such as crab and shrimp are being destroyed around the world without much evaluation. Chitosan, which is non-toxic, biodegradable-biocompatible and has many application advantages compared to chitin, is used in many sectors, especially cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and agriculture, as it shows superior properties compared to other biopolymers in terms of chemical and physical properties. In this study, in order to e . . .valuate waste shrimp shells (WSS), shrimp shells were first removed from their minerals and proteins by deproteinization, demineralization and deacetilization processes. Then, chitosan and carboxymethyl shrimp chitosan (CMSCh) were synthesized by isolation of chitin. The structures of Chitin-chitosan and CMSCh were characterized by spectroscopic methods (FT-IR, XRD and NMR) and the deacetylation degrees of them were calculated. Also, surface morphologies and thermal properties were analyzed by SEM and DTA-TG, respectively More less

Антропогенные прогнозируемые геоопасности и геориски в современных условиях Казахстана и Средней Азии

Kanatbek KOCOBAYEV

Article | 2021 | Геология и охрана недр78 ( 1 )

Исследовано влияние подземного стока на формирование и распространение геоопасных явлений в горных, предгорных и равнинных районах постсоветской территории Центральной Азии. Особое внимание уделено формированию геоопасных и чрезвычайных явлений, связанных с антропогенным воздействием. На основании исследования известных чрезвычайных явлений в Центральной Азии подготовлены классификационные схемы и таблицы, позволяющие оценивать произошедшие и прогнозировать возможные будущие явления. Серьезное внимание уделено наиболее опасным человеческим вмешательствам - неконтролируемому отбору нефти и газа из глубоких горизонтов, ядерным испытан . . .иям, неконтролируемому отбору речного стока для орошения, загрязнению водных объектов, текущему и прогнозируемому состоянию водоносных горизонтов в целях предупреждения и прогноза селевых явлений, высокому водоотбору подземных вод, приводящему к истощению водоносных горизонтов и экологически негативным изменениям естественных ландшафтов More less

Management of Power Marketing Audit Work Based on Tobit Model and Big Data Technology

Kanatbek KOCOBAYEV

Article | 2022 | Mobile Information Systems2022

In order to improve the management effect of power marketing audit work, this paper combines big data technology to carry out related data processing, changes the management mode of traditional power marketing audit work, analyzes the overall process and characteristics of the current power marketing audit case selection, and designs an audit system. Moreover, this paper builds a data warehouse based on data mining technology and realizes the process of automatic generation of the index system. In addition, this paper chooses the Tobit model proposed by Tobin, which is a restricted dependent variable model and can be better applied . . .to the relevant analysis of power marketing audit indicators. Finally, this paper evaluates the effects of the method and system designed in this paper through simulation experiments. The experimental research results show that the power marketing audit management system based on big data technology can play an important role in power audits More less

Sorption characteristics of zeolite and bentonite natural adsorbents modified complex

Zarlık MAYMEKOV

Article | 2020 | News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan-Series of Geology and Technical Sciences442 ( 4 )

The main objective of our study is to obtain a complex compound from natural adsorbents to purify wastewater with simultaneous sorption of chemical and microbiological substances contained therein, which contribute to disinfection and softening of water, increasing the degree of treated water saturation with calcium, magnesium salts and trace elements, while not requiring the use of sophisticated equipment. The technical result is to create a complex of adsorbents with the sorbing ability of chemical and microbiological pollution, disinfecting and softening water, enriching it with calcium ions, magnesium, sodium, potassium, as well . . . as trace elements.Keyword: Aluminosilicates; Heavy metals; Natural adsorbents; Purification; Sorption; Wate More less

Synthesis, characterization and coating properties of carboxymethyl cellulose from sock production wastes

Nurzat ŞAYKİYEVA | Kubat KEMELOV | Mirlan MOLDOBAYEV | Canıl İSKAKOVA | Mustafa DOLAZ

Article | 2023 | Cellulose Chemistry and Technology57 ( 3-4 )

This study aims to evaluate and reuse defective products and cotton wastes resulting from factories producing socks in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, in order to solve the issues related to their disposal. For this purpose, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was obtained after isolating the cellulose from these wastes by treating them with sulfuric acid solutions. Then, under constant NaOH and monochloroacetic acid (MCA), CMC with the highest DS value of (0.65) was synthesized at 65 degrees C for 2 hours. When the reaction time was increased (3, 4 and 5 hours) at the same temperature, the DS value decreased by 0.39, 0.28, and 0.26, respectively . . .. FT-IR, NMR, and XRD spectroscopic methods were used to characterize the structure of CMCs. SEM was used to investigate surface morphologies, and DTA-TG to examine thermal stability. In addition, the obtained CMCs were used as coatings for apples and tomatoes, and parameters such as weight loss, firmness, total soluble solids and ascorbic acid in uncovered and covered tomatoes and apples, were investigated; also, microbial analysis, and sensory analysis were performed. These analyzed parameters were improved for tomatoes and apples coated with CMC, compared with those uncoated. Keywords: recovery, carboxymethyl cellulose, NMR, storage quality, microbial loa More less

Removal of arsenic in groundwater from western Anatolia, Turkey using an electrocoagulation reactor with different types of iron anodes

Mehmet KOBYA | Mustafa DOLAZ

Article | 2022 | Heliyon8 ( 9 )

Electrocoagulation (EC) is a significantly efficient method for As removal from waters and received considerable attention recently. In this study, the natural groundwater (GW) samples containing As concentrations of GW-1: 538.8 mu g L-1, GW-2: 1132.1 mu g L-1, and GW-3: 52, 000 mu g L-1 were obtained from different provinces and treated by EC process using different iron anodes (plate, ball, and scrap). To achieve drinking water As standard (10 mu g L-1), the operational time, applied current, and As removal optimization for all anode types were studied. At applied current of 0.025 A, the As removal efficiency, EC time, and operati . . .ng cost were > 99.9, 180 min and 0.406 m(-3) for ball anodes, > 99.9, 100 min and 0.0813 m(-3) for plate anodes, > 99.9, 80 min and 0.0815 m(-3) for scrap anodes for GW-3, respectively. It was observed that as the As concentration in the GW increased, the EC time and operating cost increased. Overall, it was concluded that Fe scrap anodes are more advantageous than other types of anodes in terms of operating cost in EC reactor for As removal More less

Screening a Bozo Starter Culture for Potential Application in Beer Fermentation

Canıl İSKAKOVA | Kubat KEMELOV

Article | 2019 | Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists : The Science of Beer77 ( 1 )

The aim of this study was to identify yeast strains and hop-tolerant lactic acid bacteria from Bozo, a traditional Kyrgyz-fermented beverage that has been described as a predecessor of today

Tuned CuCr layered double hydroxide/carbon-based nanocomposites inducing sonophotocatalytic degradation of dimethyl phthalate

Mehmet KOBYA

Article | 2023 | Ultrasonics Sonochemistry95

This study is the first to explore the possibility of utilizing CuCr LDH decorated on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and graphene oxide (GO) as sonophotocatalysts for the degradation of dimethyl phthalate (DMP). CuCr LDH and its nanocomposites were successfully fabricated and characterized. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) along with high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) both evidenced the formation of randomly oriented nanosheet structures of CuCr LDH coupled with thin and folded sheets of GO and rGO. The impact of diverse processes on the degradation efficiency of DMP in the presence of the so-prepared catalysts . . . was compared. Benefiting from the low bandgap and high specific surface area, the as-obtained CuCr LDH/rGO represented outstanding catalytic activity (100 ) toward 15 mg L−1 of DMP within 30 min when subjected to light and ultrasonic irradiations simultaneously. Radical quenching experiments and visual spectrophotometry using an O-phenylenediamine revealed the crucial role of hydroxyl radicals compared to holes and superoxide radicals. Overall, outcomes disclosed that CuCr LDH/rGO is a stable and proper sonophotocatalyst for environmental remediation. Keywords: Layered double hydroxide, Graphene, Advanced oxidation processes, Sonophotocatalysis, Dimethyl phthalat More less

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