Mehmet TÜRKMEN | Cengiz BUYAR

Article | 2019 | European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science5 ( 12 )

This monograph will address the following questions: “What was the perspective of Turkic peoples on wrestling branch of sports and what was the cultural aspect of wrestling for social structures and lifestyles of Turkic peoples? What type of a transformation did wrestle experience? What is its current state at national level?” Problem: The problem of this research pertains to the fact that the richness of traditional wrestling which is known to possess a deep-seated reputation in Turkish history of sports and occupy an affluent position in Turkish sports tradition is not well-reflected in the literature at national and international . . . levels, its traditional cultural elements are lost along with globalization and it is likely to end up being almost erased from national memories. Objective: This modest study sought to find an answer to the question as to how Turkic peoples perceived traditional wrestling in religious, national, political, military, economic and social domains of life and aimed to incorporate the finding into the literature rightly. Methodology: From among qualitative research methods, descriptive and comparative research techniques were implemented in this study. Result: It was deduced that wrestling which was one of the primary activities in socio-cultural structures and lifestyles of ancient Turkic peoples was viewed as a social value and even as a social norm beyond being just a branch of sports, possessed embedded and rich rituals, but began to lose its meaning along with the disappearance of most of these rituals, and even if it was affected adversely by globalization, there still existed affection towards wrestling and the wrestler. Keywords: Turkic peoples, wrestling, socio-cultural perspective, cultural perceptio More less

Mehmet TÜRKMEN

Chapter of Books | 2021 | Applications of Traditional Wrestling in The World ( Chapter 2 )

Sıymık ARSTANBEKOV

Article | 2021 | Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences (PJMHS)15 ( 2 )

Background: This study generally examines the physical, intellectual, and moral pedagogy of Turkish people in their traditional wrestling. Born in the depths of the Paleolithic Age, wrestling has managed to survive in all cultures until today. This is because it tends to give meaning to expressions of physicality. Aim: To find an answer to the questions "How and what were the pedagogical elements of these trends?" and "What can it contribute to today's athlete training?". Methods: The descriptive identification and comparative methods of qualitative approach were used in the study. The researches of M. Turkmen, a traditional sports . . .specialist, were taken as references in this study. Results: The study was limited to Turkish peoples. In the conclusion, it was seen that traditional wrestlers, who are trained with master-apprentice training in Turkish peoples from past to present, emulate their masters as role-models. The ancient Turks, who had lived the steppe-nomadic life, had to be strong, combative, and durable by nature. They had to reach a collective consciousness as well as the intellectual and moral aspects. People who grew up with all these aspects were called "alp", which stands for the wrestler at the same time. "Alplik", which gives its place to Persian term "pehlewan" in the XII. Century, was the right of nine conditional seculars and another nine conditional spiritual world achievement. Conclusion: It was understood that some of these pedagogies coming from the Pehlewan tradition contributed and would contribute to contemporary sports education More less

Mehmet TÜRKMEN | Ünal TÜRKÇAPAR

Chapter of Books | 2023 | Applications of Traditional Equestrian Sports in the World ( Chapter 12 )

A cop is a slightly elliptical, knot-free stick made of flexible and dry wood, the length of which is 80 cm, and the edges of which are blunted. The game played on horseback with this stick called cop is named particularly as ‘Egyptian Wood Game.’ It is a traditional equestrian game in which competitors on horseback try to make the sticks, by hitting them on the ground, bouncing over a thick rope connecting two poles with heights of 5-6 m and a distance of approximately 6-7 m in between. The Egyptian Wood Game played frequently in the Ottoman period and in the 1960s in Turkey was no more practiced in Turkey for the last fifty years . . .except in a few locations in West Anatolia. Significance: Almost every day, a traditional cultural element disappears also in Turkey which is among the countries deeply affected by the globalization of the world. This study was conducted because the scope of studies on these issues diminished and there were even no theoretical resources as sometimes there were no practical sources. Objective: Introduction of this traditional game, which does not exist in written records, to the Turkic sports literature by correctly underlining its rules and procedures. Methodology: Monograph was composed in the form of a compilation, also observations were included by paying a visit to Karapurcek town of Susurluk district of Balikesir province of Turkey and certainly unique and distinctive images were used. Result: It was deduced that Egyptian wood game which was known to be played in the palace and its environs in the late period of Ottomans was especially an integral part of social ceremonies in West Anatolia until the 1960s, and as of the 1960s, lost gradually its character making it the constituent part of festivals and at present, was practiced only in a limited format in a few small local festivals in combination with a performance of drum and clarion. Keywords: labut; Egyptian stick; cop (stick); equestrian sports; traditional gam More less

Mehmet TÜRKMEN

Chapter of Books | 2021 | Applications of Traditional Wrestling in The World ( Chapter 27 )

Mehmet TÜRKMEN | Cengiz BUYAR

Article | 2019 | Journal of International Social Research / Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi12 ( 66 )

Since the foundation of the Ottoman Empire, it has given importance to hunting which includes various developmental functions. In the short term, he has institutionalized from the center to the provincial with his deep-rooted experiences in horse hunting. A large number of units were created under this institution, a hierarchical structure was formed within each unit. Hunting with domestication of the horse; nutrition in the first stage, after the military skills development, entertainment-games and sports has been a common practice. Hunting in the Ottoman Empire, all these functions were taken into account. However, hunting and hun . . .ting expenses of some rulers have reached very large numbers, which in time has caused the great reactions of the people and / or soldiers. This study, which was carried out with the history scanning method, considering the wide scope of the Ottoman hunting organization and the frequency of its application, Bounded by the period of IV. Mehmed (1648-1687), a hunting organization, dated 03 February 1680, has also placed the archive document at the center of the study. The study was aimed to answer the questions of the role of hunting in the Ottoman Empire and the extent to which it was built. As a result; It is seen that the ruler of the Ottoman Empire sees the status of the people on the ground and fuses with the public, gets to know the bureaucrats he takes with him / herself and keeps a part of the army fit positive benefits. In this period, important wars in the west and the loss of important lands, accompanied by IV. Mehmed has been preoccupied with hunting curiosity and many fighter animals More less

Mehmet TÜRKMEN

Chapter of Books | 2023 | Applications of Traditional Equestrian Sports in the World ( Chapter 4 )

In Kyrgyz, “Dzhigit Kumay” and in Kazakhs “Dzhigit Kuu” as a team and evasion of this game in the form of the chase, Turkey full provision in Turkish “Yiğit Kovalama / Valiant Chasing” is. This equestrian game, which is almost forgotten, until 1922-26, was played extensively among the Turkic peoples in all Turkestan geography. To overcome the shortage of resources, which is almost nonexistent in the game, to provide a resource to researchers and future generations on the subject, this game is about to be forgotten, again to add to the national sports ring of the Turks.In a globalizing world, almost every day one of the national cult . . .ural circles’ ruptures, this situation brings uncompensated losses, and the field of study on these issues is shrinking. In the research, we aim to bring this national game back to the culture of the Turkish people by revealing all aspects of the valiant chase game (Dzhigit Kumay). Descriptive identification and comparison method were used in the study. The research covers the Central Asian Turkic communities, including Kyrgyzstan and South Siberia.The intolerance of the Soviet ideology to the survival of all traditional cultural elements of the Turkish people, the valiant chase game also took its share, until the independence of Turkestan in 1991, it was seldom played. Even after this date, only the Kyrgyz and especially the Kazakhs have tried to revive the game, but they were not successful in this. Keywords: Kyrgyz; equestrian sport; valiant chasin More less

Bilal DEMIRHAN | Kanat CANUZAKOV | Hasan GÜZELBEKTEŞ

Article | 2020 | Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation33 ( 4 )

BACKGROUND: Regular exercise activities affect blood cells. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the seasonal evaluation of some hematological and biochemical parameters of the Olympic Greco-Roman wrestlers. METHODS: A total of 3 measurements were performed on wrestlers: immediately before the training period, three months and six months after the training session. Hematological and biochemical parameters were analyzed by taking sufficient blood samples from the athletes before and after exercise. RESULTS: The total leukocyte, lymphocyte, and neutrophil values were found to be significantly higher (p< 0.05) in all th . . .ree measures (beginning, 3rd and 6th months) in comparison with the values before exercise. When biochemical analyses were examined, blood glucose levels were significantly decreased after exercise in all three measures compared to before exercise. Post-exercise HDL cholesterol concentrations significantly increased (p< 0.05) while LDL cholesterol concentrations significantly decreased (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION: On all three measures fatigue exercise has significantly increased the total leukocyte, lymphocyte and neutrophil values of wrestlers, while other hematological parameters were not affected evenly. Fatigue exercise also significantly reduced blood glucose levels and LDL cholesterol concentrations, while HDL cholesterol concentrations were increased. The six-month period training did not have a significant effect on both hematologic and biochemical parameters in all three measurements More less

Bilal DEMIRHAN | Hasan GÜZELBEKTEŞ

Article | 2020 | Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte25 ( 5 )

Introduction: Evaluation of health status and physical condition of Kyrgyz Judo Athletes before the Olympic Games. Objective: To evaluate changes in hematological, biochemical and blood gas values of athletes during the training period. Methods: Eight elite athletes (n=8 men), participated to the study. Before and after the exercise periods (baseline, 3rd month and 6th month), blood samples were taken, to determine plasma red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), blood clot cell (PLT), granulocyte (NOTR) and agranulocyte (LNF) counts, hemoglobin (HGB) and hematocrit (HCT) values, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular h . . .emoglobin concentration (MCHC), and venous blood pH, PO2, PCO2, SAT O-2, HCO3, BE, Na, K, Cl values. In addition, serum glucose (Glu), total protein (TP), total cholesterol ( TC), HDL cholesterol, triglyceride (Trig), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Creat), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) values were measured. Results: Although, the athletes' WBC and LNF counts increased significantly (p0.05) was found in the other hematological parameters. Blood pH, pCO(2), HCO3 and BE values decreased ( More less

Ünal TÜRKÇAPAR

Article | 2022 | Voprosy Istorii / Вопросы истории7 ( 1 )

This study aims to examine the happiness levels of individuals studying in the faculty departments of Kyrgyzstan-Turkish Manas University in terms of different variables. The research showed that there was no significant difference in demographic variables such as gender, age, residence, income of university students who participated in the study, but there was a significant difference in the department variable. While some variables do not have a significant importance in determining the happiness of university students, the department they study is an important factor in determining their happiness.

Mehmet TÜRKMEN | Cengiz BUYAR

Article | 2020 | Journal of International Social Research / Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi13 ( 75 )

Bu monografi, Türkistan coğrafyasında homojen bir kültüre sahip olan Kazak, Kırgız, Özbek ve Uygurlar tarafından yapılmış, günümüzde ise unutulmaya yüz tutmuş, geleneksel atlı spor oyunlarından “At-Omıraulastıru” incelenecektir. At-Omıravlastıru, iki binicinin dizginlerle yönlendirmesi dışında bir müdahaleleri olmadan, atlarının göğsü veya kalçaları ile birbirini 10-15 metrelik daire dışına çıkarmak mücadelesiyle yapılan bir atlı oyundur. Çalışmada, spor dünyasında ve literatüründe bilinmeyen “at-omıravlastıru” yarışı; etimolojisi ve terminolojisi, lehçe ve ağız farklılıklarıyla açıklamak; oyunun dünü ve bugününü irdeleyip, Türk spo . . .r geleneğindeki yerini görebilmek; kural ve kaidelerini belirtip, Türk ve dünya spor literatürüne kazandırmaktır. Çalışmada niteliksel yaklaşım içinde yer alan desenlerden betimsel araştırma ve karşılaştırma modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırma, Türkistan halklarından başta Kırgızlar olmak üzere Kazak, Özbek ve Uygurları kapsamaktadır. 1950-60 yıllarına kadar Türkistan halklarında popüler olduğu görülen at-omıraulastıru, günümüzde azda olsa Kazaklar ve Kırgızlar’da resmileştirilmiş kurallar çerçevesinde yarışılmakta, diğer Türk halklarında ise nerdeyse hiç yapılmadığı anlaşıldı. Türkistan’ın en popüler atlı oyunu olan ‘kök-börü’ ile siyimboz bir ilişki içinde olduğu ve onun için rezerv görevi üstlenip altyapısı niteliğini taşıdığı anlaşılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Türkistan Halkları, Atlı Kültür, Atlı Oyun, Atlı Mücadele. This monographic, made by Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Uzbek and Uyghurs, who have a homogeneous culture in Turkistan geography, today is about to be forgotten, Struggle of Horses, one of the traditional equestrian sports games, will be examined. Struggle of horses, without any intervention other than the two riders' reins, it is an equestrian game where horses struggle to get each other out of the 10-15-meter circle with their chest or hips. In the study, struggle of horses race, which is unknown in the sports world and literature; to explain its etymology and terminology with dialect differences; examining the past and present of the game and seeing its place in the Turkish sports tradition; to determine the rules and rules and to add them to Turkish and world sports literature. Descriptive research and comparison model, one of the designs included in the qualitative approach, was used in the study. The research covers mainly Kyrgyz, Kazakh, Uzbek and Uyghurs from Turkistan peoples. Struggle of horses, which was seen to be popular among Turkestan peoples until 1950-60, Today, the Kazakhs and the Kyrgyz are competing within the framework of formalized rules, it was understood that it was almost never done in other Turkish peoples. It is in a one-on-one relationship with “gray-wolf”, the most popular horse game in Turkistan and it has been understood that it acts as a reserve and acts as an infrastructure. Keywords: Turkistan Peoples, Equestrian Culture, Horse Game, Horse Fight More less

Mehmet TÜRKMEN

Chapter of Books | 2021 | Applications of Traditional Wrestling in The World ( Chapter 1 )