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Multidimensional Scaling of the Mineral Nutrient Status and Health Risk Assessment of Commonly Consumed Fruity Vegetables Marketed in Kyrgyzstan

Hasan CAN | İbrahim İlker ÖZYİĞİT

Article | 2021 | Biological Trace Element Research200 ( 4 )

Intensive production of fruits and vegetables causes heavy metal accumulation. Consumption of this kind of foodstuff is a growing concern of the modern world with the additional distress of the supply of enough foodstuffs. To contribute to this global purpose, this research aimed to find out the mineral nutrient and heavy metal concentrations of commonly consumed fruity vegetables in Kyrgyzstan. Totally, ten different fruity type vegetables were collected from five different large bazaars of Kyrgyzstan. From these, 20 samples, including washed/unwashed rinds of vegetables, were quantified in terms of their B, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, . . .Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, and Zn contents by using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The concentrations of the fruity vegetables were found in the following range: B (1.392-25.816), Ca (92.814-4095.466), Cd (0.007-0.086), Cr (0.009-0.919), Cu (0.351-8.351), Fe (4.429-126.873), K (920.124-10,135.995), Mg (61.973-879.085), Mn (1.113-78.938), Na (36.132-266.475), Ni (0.039-1.215), Pb (0.081-2.906), and Zn (1.653-87.107) (mg kg(-1)). It was determined that red capia pepper was the vegetable having the highest daily nutritional value according to evaluation done in our study. Taking into account of the HI values, all of the vegetables analyzed were determined to be lower than the limit value of 1 that falls into acceptable limits in terms of being safe. Peppers demonstrated the highest variation in terms of the elemental content. The high Cr content rendered hot pepper risky for consumption by both genders regarding with CR, and in terms of CR, it has been observed that nickel contents being found in vegetables including tomatoes pose a moderate risk for consumption. Quite lower risk was detected in red/Brandy-wine tomatoes, eggplants, and cucumber for both genders. As most striking result in our study, the Brandy-wine type tomato was found to be healthiest (as well as safest) and nutritious vegetable looking from the viewpoint of consumption in Kyrgyzstan More less

Comparison of genotype × trait and genotype × yield-trait biplots in Sunflower cultivars

Hossein ZEİNALZADEH TABRİZİ

Article | 2023 | International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences7 ( 1 )

The selection of genotypes based on various characteristics is a critical challenge in plant breeding. An experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replications over two crop years, 2018-2019, to compare the effects of genotype × trait (GT) and the genotype × yield-trait (GYT) methods as well as investigate the relationships between grain yield and different agronomic traits. Plant materials ten sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) genotypes. Based on the combined analysis of variance, there was a significant difference in parameters except leaf length. The effect of year × genotype was significan . . .t in all traits except plant height, stem diameter, and leaf length (P≤ 0.01). Gabur, Azargol and Favorite genotypes were ranked as genotypes in the years of the experiment. Based on the graphical analysis performed on the effect of genotype × trait (GT), Zaria genotype was selected as the best and stable genotype. The genotype × yield-trait (GYT) biplot ranked genotypes by yield and other desired trait levels and depicts their trait profiles, or strengths and weaknesses. The correlation biplot revealed positive correlations between most traits with grain yield. This method is pictorial, objective, effective, and simple compared to the genotype × trait (GT) method. The GYT biplot technique is based on the paradigm shift that genotypes should be assessed by their yield levels in combination with other variables rather than individually. The graphical analysis of the effect of genotype × yield-trait (GYT) revealed that Gabur and Armavirski genotypes were selected as the best for all traits investigated and could be recommended for cultivation in the Karaj location. Keywords: sunflower; GT; GYT; graphic analysis; year × genotype; multi-trait More less

Investigation of reproduction and selection potential of Holstein breeding cattle in Kyrgyzstan

Nurlan MAMATOV | Aybek KARABAEV | Kadırbay ÇEKİROV

Article | 2017 | European Journal of Natural History ( 4 )

In this article, statistical results of selection characteristics and milk yields, live weight and reproduction characteristics of Holstein sheep breeds grown in Kyrgyzstan conditions are given according to their origins and ages. Parameters were calculated for milk yield and growth characteristics. For this purpose milk productivity, lactation and live weights of cattle were measured. Holstein cows were crossed with local races to improve productivity during milk productivity and lactation. As a result, there are significant variations in some yields in the animals raised. According to the results obtained, the live weights of Hols . . .tein cows raised in Kyrgyzstan were 505.4 kg, the first lactation milk yield was 4641.9 kg, the second lactation was 5082.4 kg and the third lactation was 5127.1 kg. In the same order, service period lengths were obtained as 119.2, 101.5 and 96.4 days. The coefficient of variation for the lactation yields was calculated as 6.04?% for live weights and 13.13, 14.78 and 17.47 for lactation milk yield, respectively. This coefficient was 38.82?%, 40.10?% and 54.41?% in terms of reproductive characteristics, respectively. It can be understood from these figures that it is understood that there is possibility to make progress by making selection in this herd. The results are presented in tabular form. Since Kyrgyzstan is a mountainous country, native animal breeds have also been adapted to these conditions. Local animal breeds have also been selected and raised by native scientists. Local races are grazed in the mountains and for this reason they have become adherent to harsh weather conditions. As a result of this article, it was determined that there is a significant variation in terms of breeding and milk yield characteristics and this is the result that can be evaluated in Holstein breeding in Kyrgyzstan More less

Effect of Impact Angle and Speed, and Weight Abrasive Concentration on AISI 1015 and 304 Steel Exposed to Erosive Wear

Refik POLAT

Article | 2024 | Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance ( Published online: 08 January 2024 )

This study investigated parametrically the erosive wear behavior of AISI 1015 and 304 steel in different environmental conditions. The erosive wear tests were designed according to the L9 orthogonal array design of the Taguchi fractional factorial method. The experiments were carried out with the parameters of 3-level slurry concentration formed with silica powder (5, 15, and 25 wt.), 3-level impact velocity (265, 397.5, and 530 rpm), and 3-level impact angle (30°, 60°, and 90°). Surface roughness and weight loss were considered performance criteria in the experimental data assessed using the signal/noise (S/N) and analysis of varia . . .nce (ANOVA) methodologies. In addition, the wear zones of the samples were examined in detail with SEM, EDX, and 3D topography analyses. According to the S/N analysis, the best wear and surface roughness parameters for AISI 1015 and 304 steel were determined as 5 by weight concentration ratio, 265 rpm for impact speed, and 90° for impact angle. It was determined that low concentration, low speed, and high impact angle values affected surface roughness and weight loss parameters positively. Experimental results showed that erosive wear resistance increased with the increasing alloying elements in steel materials. Keyword: concentration rate; erosive wear; impact angle; impact velocity; Taguch More less

Analysis of genotype by environment interaction to identify high-yielding and stable oilseed rape genotypes using the GGE-biplot model

Hossein ZEİNALZADEH TABRİZİ

Article | 2023 | Ecological Genetics and Genomics28

Spring oilseed rape is one of the major oilseed crops produced in different regions of Iran's tropical climates. Because of the various climatic and geographical conditions of the tropical areas of Iran, it is necessary to release high-yielding cultivars with broad adaptability to the various tropical regions. The main objective of this study was to identify high-yielding and stable spring oilseed rape genotypes among some new oilseed rape genotypes via analysis of genotype by environment interaction using the GGE biplot model. To this end, multi environmental trials (METs) were conducted across 16 environments. Twenty genotypes com . . .posed of two check varieties as well as eighteen promising oilseed rape lines which were selected through preliminary experiments previously were examined in this study. Trials were conducted in the north and south tropical climate regions of Iran in a format of RCBD with three replications during the 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 growing seasons. The mean grain yield of each genotype was calculated after harvesting. Graphical representations of grain yield using heatmap showed that all the genotypes performed differently across all environments. The grain yield across environments ranged from 1824 kg ha−1 (E11: Dezful) to 3610 kg ha−1 (E5: Moghan) while it ranged from 2416 kg ha−1 (G18: SRL-96-25) to 3148 kg ha−1 (G10: SRL-96-17) across genotypes. The combined ANOVA indicated that grain yield was notably affected by genotype, environment, and G × E interaction factors. The relative contribution of variations demonstrated that the environment contributed the largest total variation, followed by the G × E interaction and genotype. GGE-biplot efficiently identified genotypes SRL-96-17 (G10) and SRL-96-11 (G5) as high-yielding and stable genotypes utilizing which-one-where and mean versus stability biplots. Additionally, these genotypes represented the minimum distance from the hypothetical ideal genotype that confirms the superiority of new promising lines identified in this study. Therefore, G10 and G5 can be recommended as well-performing genotypes for regions with tropical climates. Keywords: brassica napus; multi-environmental trials; stability analysis; superior genotype; tropical region More less

Investigation of the effect of surface modification types on the tribological performance of cow bone powder reinforced polymer materials

Refik POLAT

Article | 2023 | Polymer Composites44 ( 12 )

This study investigated the production, characterization, mechanical and tribo-logical performance of surface-modified cow bone powder-reinforced composites. The primary goal was to increase the tribological and mechanical performance of sustainable and cleanly produced composite materials. It was determined that the surface-modified bone powder reinforcement increased the mechanical, thermal, and wear resistance of the polymer. The best surface modification method was determined as silanization. It reduced the friction coefficient and weight loss by 16.60 and 40.0, respectively, according to the main factor analysis. In addition, i . . .t increased the glass transition temperature by 45.54, crystallization by 2.93, hardness by 2.70, and tensile strength by 9.26 compared to the unmodified bone powder reinforcement. Keyword: composites; interfaces; mechanical propertie More less

Genetic diversity and population structure of apple germplasm from Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey by SSRs

Ahmet AYGÜN

Article | 2021 | Scientia Horticulturae294

Turkey has a diverse apple germplasm and Northeastern Anatolia had great contributions to domestication of the Malus genus. Despite quite high rainfall (900-2300 mm) and humidity (70-85?levels, several local apple cultivars have been successfully grown for centuries at the coastal zone of Eastern Black Sea region of Northeastern Anatolia without any pesticide applications. In this study, a set of 206 local genotypes, including 6 international cultivars as references was analyzed using 13 SSR primers with the aim of assessing the genetic diversity and population structure among the genotypes. Bayesian genetic structure analysis was u . . .sed to reveal differentiation of the groups and the results were confirmed by factorial correspondence analysis (FCA). A total of 234 alleles (average 18) were generated by 13 SSR markers. CH02c06 was the most informative (PI: 0.017) and CH03g07 was the least informative (PI: 0.07) locus. The average He was 0.859 with a range of 0.775-0.929 and the average Ho was 0.760 with a range of 0.556-0.872. Considerable genetic variation was detected among the genotypes and genetic similarity varied between 11 and 96?A Bayesian genetic structure analysis indicated three subpopulations (K) and admixture among the accessions. Several loci yielded three alleles in 39 accessions. No synonyms or identical cultivars were detected but several genotypes known by the same names formed 22 homonym groups. The present SSR data will have great contributions to future germplasm management efforts as well as to further comparative studies that investigate genetic relationships among the local apples of Northeastern Anatolia More less

Identification of water stress-tolerant edible pumpkin seed (Cucurbita pepo) genotypes using seed yield-based tolerance indices

Atilla DURSUN

Article | 2023 | Acta Scientiarum Polonorum - Hortorum Cultus22 ( 4 )

Pumpkin is usually cultivated in arid and semiarid regions, and the lack of water stress-tolerant cultivars is a major limiting factor. Therefore, this study was carried out to identify superior water stress-tolerant genotypes. For this purpose, 44 inbred lines with superior agronomic traits were selected from the gene pool. In addition, two hybrids (G1-Mert Bey F1 and G2-Sena Hanim F1) and two landraces (G3-Hatun Tırnağı and G4-Cercevelik) with high commercial value were used as commercial cultivars. The water stress indices were calculated from seed yields from the pumpkin genotypes grown in irrigated and water stress conditions i . . .n 2017 and 2018. The stress tolerance index (STI) determines tolerant and superior genotypes. From the principal component and cluster analyses’ findings, G9, G40, G32, G36, G5, G11, G22, G30, G37, and G13 showed the highest water stress tolerance among the inbred lines. During future breeding experiments, these inbred lines may have significant potential for developing novel water stress-tolerant cultivars for pumpkin cultivation in semiarid regions. Keywords: inbred line; pumpkin; STI; water stress; yiel More less

Correlation and sequential path analysis of oil yield and related characteristics in camelina under seasonal variations

Hossein ZEİNALZADEH TABRİZİ

Article | 2023 | OCL-Oilseeds and fats, Crops and Lipids30

The objectives of the current study were to determine the usefulness of sequential path analysis in camelina to obtain information about the relationship between yield and yield components and to evaluate their relative importance in camelina oil yield under summer and winter cultivation. A split-plot design, with two varieties as the main plot and four sowing times as the subplot, was carried out over two growing seasons (2017-2019) in Samsun, Turkey. Sequential path analysis revealed that, as first-order predictors, grain yield and oil content displayed the most significant and positive direct effects on oil yield in both summer a . . .nd winter cultivation. The sequential path analysis of second-order variables over the first-order variable revealed that seed number per pod and pod number explained approximately 90 of the variation of the grain yield in summer cultivation and branch number explained approximately 67 of the variation grain yield in winter cultivation. These results indicated that grain yield, as a main predictor of oil yield, had different pathways to affect oil yield in the summer and winter seasons. A higher magnitude of seed number per pod compared to pod number in this study indicated that selecting for higher grain yield can be done indirectly using plants with lower pod number and higher seed number per pod in the summer season. Moreover, branch number was the only trait that had a direct negative effect on grain yield in the winter season, indicating that plants with lower branch number should be selected for higher grain yield. Different environmental factors, including the seasonal cultivation of camelina in this study, were found to be a key factor in improving oil yield and, hence, should be considered as criteria indices in camelina breeding programs in the future More less

Humic plus Fulvic acid mitigated Cd adverse effects on plant growth, physiology and biochemical properties of garden cress

Atilla DURSUN

Article | 2021 | Scientific Reports11 ( 1 )

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic and very mobile heavy metal that can be adsorbed and uptaken by plants in large quantities without any visible sign. Therefore, stabilization of Cd before uptake is crucial to the conservation of biodiversity and food safety. Owing to the high number of carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups in their structure, humic substances form strong bonds with heavy metals which makes them perfect stabilizing agents. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of humic and fulvic acid (HA+FA) levels (0, 3500, 5250, and 7000 mg/L) on alleviation of Cadmium (Cd) toxicity in garden cress (Lepidium sativum) contamina . . .ted with Cd (CdSO4.8H(2)O) (0, 100, and 200 Cd mg/kg) under greenhouse conditions. Our results showed that, Cd stress had a negative effect on the growth of garden cress, decreased leaf fresh, leaf dry, root fresh and root dry weights, leaf relative water content (LRWC), and mineral content except for Cd, and increased the membrane permeability (MP) and enzyme (CAT, SOD and POD) activity. However, the HA+FA applications decreased the adverse effects of the Cd pollution. At 200 mg/kg Cd pollution, HA+FA application at a concentration of 7000 mg/L increased the leaf fresh, leaf dry, root fresh, root dry weights, stem diameter, leaf area, chlorophyll reading value (CRV), MP, and LRWC values by 262%, 137%, 550%,133%, 92%, 104%, 34%, 537%, and 32% respectively, compared to the control. Although the highest H2O2, MDA, proline and sucrose values were obtained at 200 mg/L Cd pollution, HA+FA application at a concentration of 7000 mg/L successfully alleviated the deleterious effects of Cd stress by decreasing H2O2, MDA, proline, and sucrose values by 66%, 68%, 70%, and 56%, respectively at 200 mg/kg Cd pollution level. HA+FA application at a concentration of 7000 mg/L successfully mitigated the negative impacts of Cd pollution by enhanced N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Mn, Zn, and B by 75%, 23%, 84%, 87%, 40%, 85%, 143%, 1%, 65%, and 115%, respectively. In addition, HA+FA application at a concentration of 7000 mg/L successfully reduced Cd uptake by 95% and Cl uptake by 80%. Considering the plant growth parameters, the best results were determined when HA+FA concentration was 7000 mg/L. We have shown that, it is critical to apply a humic substance with high percentage of FA, which was 10% in this study, to mitigate the adverse effects of heavy metal stress on plant growth. In conclusion, the application of HA+FA may be suggested as an effective solution for reducing the Cd uptake of the plants by stabilizing Cd in soil and preventing translocation of Cd from the roots of plant to its shoot and leaves More less

Evaluation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines for drought tolerance in Kyrgyzstan

Venera İSAYEVA

Article | 2023 | Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture35 ( 5 )

The study was carried out to explore drought stress indices in F4 hybrid generations of Triticum aestivum L. to select drought stress tolerant lines for rainfed areas of Kyrgyzstan. Wheat is the main food crop in Kyrgyzstan. There are about 0.3 million ha allotted for wheat, more than half of these sown areas (0.2 million ha) are in rainfed farming zones, where the amount of precipitation rarely exceeds 300-400 mm per year. The study was conducted in 2019 at the experimental field of Agricultural Faculty of Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University. Eighteen hybrid lines of spring wheat and two released varieties (standard) were evaluated und . . .er irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. The results of the study show that the mean grain yield of evaluated lines under stress condition as compared to non-stressed condition was decreased by 51.72. The analysis of correlation coefficient indicated that the productivity of lines under both conditions highly depends from their stress tolerance indexes (STI) (0.769 to 0.928). Tolerance index (TOL) and stress susceptibility index (STI) were negatively correlated (-0.411 to -0.813) with yield of genotypes under stress condition (YS). The correlation between yield stability index (YSI) and yield of genotypes under stress condition (YS) was strongly and highly positive (1.000). Based on provided analysis, Line-1, Line-3, Line-5, Line-12, Line-13, Line-14 and Line-15 were selected as potential genotypes to cultivate in drought areas of Kyrgyzstan and can be used as drought tolerance genetic resources in crop improvement programs. Keywords: correlation; drought tolerance; hybrid lines; stress tolerance indices; triticum aestivum L More less

Interactive effects of salinity and drought stress on photosynthetic characteristics and physiology of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) seedlings

Atilla DURSUN

Article | 2021 | South African Journal of Botany137

Sufficient quantity and quality of water are essential for vegetable production. Evaluating the individual and combined effects of drought and salt stress on plant establishment may help inform management of plant production in terms of stabilizing yield. This study investigates the effects of drought and salt stress on plant growth, nutrition elements, and select physiological parameters of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv. H2274) through a pot experiment under greenhouse conditions. Drought stress was applied to tomato seedlings at 3 different levels of irrigation: D0 (control), D1, and D2 at 100%, 75%, and 50% field capacit . . .y, respectively. Salinity stress was applied at 3 different doses S0, S1, and S2 at 0 mM, 100 mM, and 150 mM NaCl, respectively. The effects of salinity, drought and their co-occurring stresses on growth, physiological and photosynthetic properties of tomato seedlings were statistically significant. Photosynthetic rate (P-n), stomatal conductance (g(s)), chlorophyll reading value (CRV), and plant dry weight (DW) decreased with salt and drought treatments. However, electrolyte leakage (EL) of the leaves increased with increasing salt and drought treatments. Fresh weight (FW) of the tomato seedlings decreased 67% under the 150 mM NaCl treatment (S-2), and decreased 69% under severe drought (D2); however, the interactive effects of these two treatments together (S2D2) resulted in an 80% decrease in FW. Furthermore, dry weight (DW) decreased 80% in the S2D2 treatment compared to the control. In general, both drought and salinity altered the mineral nutrient composition by decreasing N, P, K, Fe, Ca and Z content of the tomato seedlings, but Na, B and Cl content increased. These results show that effects of salinity and drought on tomato seedlings were less detrimental for plant establishment than the combined effects of the two stresses together. (C) 2020 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved More less

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