İsmail ERPER | Sezim COLDOŞBEKOVA

Note | 2023 | Journal of Plant Pathology105 ( 3 )

Keywords; penicillium fruit rot; postharvest; pyrus communis; RPB2

Tair Esenalı Uulu | Hüseyin ÖĞÜT

Article | 2018 | MANAS Journal of Agriculture, Veterinary and Life Science (MJAVL)8 ( 2 )

Bu çalışmada, Kırgızistan’ın tarımsal mekanizasyon düzeyinin, coğrafik bölgeler açısından belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, Kırgızistan’ın coğrafik bölgelerinin tarımsal mekanizasyon düzeyi verileri için 2016 yılına ait Kırgızistan İstatistik Kurumu ve Tarım Bakanlığı İstatistik verileri kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, Kırgızistan’da 1000 ha işlenen alana düşen traktör sayısı, birim işlenen alana düşen traktör gücü, bir traktöre düşen işlenen alan sayısı ile traktör başına düşen tarım alet ve makinaları ortalama sayıları 2016.yılı için sırasıyla 55,4 traktör/1000ha, 0.93 kW/ha, 18,1 ha/traktör ve 2,08 ekipman/traktör olarak . . .bulunmuştur. Ayrıca bu çalışmada, Kırgızistan’ın genel olarak tarımsal yapısı değerlendirilerek, Avrupa ve Türkiye ile karşılaştırılmaları yapılmıştı More less

Tinatin DOOLOTKELDİEVA

Chapter of Books | 2018 | Agricultural Research Updates22 ( Chapter 2 )

Erwinia amylovora as a fire blight pathogen and Venturia inaequalis as a scab pathogen were isolated from the blossoms, exudates, infected fruits, leaves and bent branches of diseased apple, pear and hawthorn trees, selected in the Chy, Osh and Jalal Abad regions. Biochemical and pathogenicity tests, alongside PCR analyses were conducted to identify the local isolates of Erwinia amylovora and Venturia inaequalis. The alternative antagonistic microorganisms which combat bacterium E. amylovora and fungus Venturia inaequalis were tested within in vitro and in vivo conditions. The results revealed the ability of Streptomyces antagonisti . . .c bacteria to decrease fire blight severity on pear and apple trees during the first stage of the fire blight disease in leaf tissues. Streptomyces strain C1-4 suppressed E. amylovora disease symptoms in the leaf tissues and excised apple and pear shoots. The incidence of fire blight on leaves was reduced by about 70 with two applications of bacterial antagonists. Streptomyces sp strains were tested for apple scab control in vitro and field conditions. Two applications of Streptomyces strain C1-4 within 35 days completely stopped the scab disease in seedling leaves. Within 40 days, the seedlings were recovered; the new leaves have blossomed on branches. Seedlings grew new shoots and leaves around 50 days after the second treatment. Orchard experiment results provide great hope that a biological product based on Streptomyces could work as an effective agent to suppress the development of the pathogen in the early spring, when leaves start to show scab disease symptoms. Further studies at different locations in Kyrgyzstan, using large scale application, would allow for stronger recommendations to be made, including studies and recommendations on their ability to prevent diseases and to use them as main components in an integrated pest management program More less

İsmail ERPER

Article | 2022 | Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control32 ( 1 )

Background Entomopathogenic fungi are a potential biological control agent for many pests. In this study, 14 native Beauveria bassiana isolates were molecularly identified and assessed for their virulence and mortality against adults of the polyphagous planthopper Orosanga japonica, Melichar (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae) a polyphagous sap-feeding insect, under laboratory conditions. Results Isolates obtained from naturally infected adults O. japonica were molecularly identified as B. bassiana by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer and 26S large subunit of ribosomal DNA. In the bioassay, the radial growth and sporulation of isolates . . . significantly differed (P < 0.05). Concentration-time bioassays demonstrated that all isolates had a lethal effect on adult O. japonica at the concentration of 1 x 10(8) conidia ml(-1). The lethal times LT50 and LT90 values for each B. bassiana isolate, which indicate the time required to kill O. japonica, ranged between 2.44-3.19 and 3.78-5.01 days, respectively, at 20 degrees C, while their values were 1.74-2.76 and 2.76-4.10 days, respectively, at 25 degrees C depending on the native isolates. The concentration-mortality response showed a statistically significant difference between some isolates B. bassiana tested against adult O. japonica individuals (P < 0.05). With an LC50 value of 2.29 x 10(6) conidia ml(-1), the lowest effective EPF isolate for O. japonica was KA-78-14. The isolates caused 100 adult mortality in O. japonica within five days, while the mortality in the control group was less than 10. Conclusions These findings suggest that some B. bassiana isolates were more virulent on O. japonica and may play an important role in the biocontrol of O. japonica in Turkey More less

Tair Esenalı Uulu

Article | 2021 | Phytoparasitica49 ( 3 )

This study was conducted in Meram district of Konya province (Turkey) in 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the efficacy of mating disruption against the tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta in an open-field tomato growing area. Three pheromone-treated fields and three control fields were used to evaluate the effectiveness of mating disruption in both years. In pheromone-treated fields, mating disruption pheromone was applied once at a rate of 2500 g/ha with a caulking gun. In control fields, only pheromone traps were hung for monitoring and comparing the pest population. Male captures in monitoring pheromone traps and infestation rates of tomato . . . plants by T. absoluta were recorded weekly. The mean number of males captured in the traps per week in pheromone-treated fields in 2018 and 2019 was 120.86 /- 16.82 and 69.90 /- 15.70, respectively. In control fields, the mean number of males captured in the traps per week in 2018 and 2019 was 299.73 /- 16.82 and 230.75 /- 15.70, respectively. The mean percentage of infestation of the pest was 4.40 /- 0.56?n pheromone-treated fields, while it was 11.80 /- 0.56?n control fields in 2018. In 2019, the mean percentage of infestation of the pest was recorded in pheromone-treated and control fields as 1.88 /- 0.52?nd 7.39 /- 0.52?respectively. As a result of the study, it was determined that the mating disruption application against T. absoluta was successful in all three pheromone-treated fields when compared to control fields in both years. This technique was tested for the first time against the tomato leafminer in Turkey with this project More less

Şenol YILDIZ

Article | 2023 | Plant Biology25 ( 6 )

center dot Citrus plants are host to several plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs), which are microscopic organisms. Among PPNs, the citrus root nematode, T. semipenetrans (Cobb 1913) (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae), causes significant damage to citrus plantations worldwide. Understanding citrus nematode populations, precise identification, host preference among citrus species, and damage threshold are crucial to control T. semipenetrans. The minutiae of citrus plant-nematode interactions, nematode density and molecular nematode identification are not well understood. In this study, nematode species and density in citrus orchards, host speci . . .alization, molecular and morphological characteristics of nematodes were assessed. center dot Molecular and morphological methods, host- nematode interactions, host (citrus species) preference, damage economic threshold (ET), and economic injury level (EIL) were determined using laboratory methods and field sampling. Citrus plantations in different provinces in the Mediterranean region of Turkey were investigated. center dot Nematode species were identified molecularly and morphologically. ITS sequences revealed that samples were infected by citrus root nematode T. semipenetrans. The lowest nematode density was in C. reticulata in Mersin (53 2nd stage juveniles (J2s) 100 g(-1) soil), while the highest density was from Hatay in C. sinensis (12173 J2s 100 g(-1) soil). Highest citrus nematode population density was on roots of C. reticulata, followed by C. sinensis, C. limon, and C. paradisi. center dot The citrus nematode is more common than was thought and population fluctuations change according to specific citrus species. Environmental conditions, host and ecological factors, such as temperature, soil pH, and soil nutrients, might influence nematode populations in citrus orchards. Investigating nematode density in diverse soil ecologies and the responses of different resistant/tolerant citrus species and cultivars to nematode populations is essential in future studies. Keyword: citrus nematode; host preference; ITS sequence; molecular characterizatio More less

Tinatin DOOLOTKELDİEVA

Chapter of Books | 2012 | Diversity of biodegradative gene populations in aquatic sediments examined by gene-targeted metagenomics ( Chapter 3 )

Previous studies in our lab and elsewhere showed that different microbial gene groups are obtained from geographically distant sites. Alkane monooxygenases activate terminal carbon-carbon bonds in the first step of alkane degradation with the addition of an oxygen to the compound, resulting in an alcohol product. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that unique microbial populations and alkane monooxygenase (alkB and Cytochrome P450) genes can be recovered from geographically distinct sites, with varying degrees of anthropogenic impact. Sediment was collected from six river and stream sites with various levels of human i . . .mpact located in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan as well as Dushanbe and Khorog, Tajikistan, in Central Asia. The sites included rural and mountain streams, as well as rivers near or in cities. All sediments were enriched in media containing hexadecane as a carbon source and subcultured into fresh media with the alkane two times. DNA was extracted from each enrichment culture at various points throughout the enrichment for 16S rRNA and alkB clone library construction. The enrichment cultures were also analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) analysis of both 16S rRNA and alkB genes. The alkB and P450 genes, as well as 16S rRNA, were targeted with 454 pyrosequencing to obtain an estimate of microbial and alkane hydroxylase diversity at the sample locations and enrichments. The data show that distinct populations of alkB and P450 genes can be enriched from different locations and countries in Central Asia confirming that there is a wide diversity of alkane degrading genes in the environment More less

İsmail ERPER | Şenol YILDIZ | Sezim COLDOŞBEKOVA | Tair Esenalı Uulu

Article | 2023 | Journal of Fungi9 ( 1 )

Fungal species associated with crown and root rot diseases in wheat have been extensively studied in many parts of the world. However, no reports on the relative importance and distribution of pathogens associated with wheat crown and root rot in Kyrgyzstan have been published. Hence, fungal species associated with wheat crown/root rot were surveyed in three main wheat production regions in northern Kyrgyzstan. Fungal species were isolated on 1/5 strength potato-dextrose agar amended with streptomycin (0.1 g/L) and chloramphenicol (0.05 g/L). A total of 598 fungal isolates from symptomatic tissues were identified using morphological . . . features of the cultures and conidia, as well as sequence analysis of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the translation elongation factor 1 alpha (TEF1), and the RNA polymerase II beta subunit (RPB2) genes. The percentage of fields from which each fungus was isolated and their relative percentage isolation levels were determined. Bipolaris sorokiniana, the causal agent of common root rot, was the most prevalent pathogenic species isolated, being isolated from 86.67 of the fields surveyed at a frequency of isolation of 40.64. Fusarium spp. accounted for 53.01 of all isolates and consisted of 12 different species. The most common Fusarium species identified was Fusarium acuminatum, which was isolated from 70 of the sites surveyed with an isolation frequency of 21.57, followed by Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium nygamai, Fusarium oxysporum, and Fusarium equiseti, all of which had a field incidence of more than 23. Inoculation tests with 44 isolates representing 17 species on the susceptible Triticum aestivum cv. Seri 82 revealed that Fusarium pseudograminearum and F. culmorum isolates were equally the most virulent pathogens. The widespread distribution of moderately virulent B. sorokiniana appears to be a serious threat to wheat culture, limiting yield and quality. With the exception of F. culmorum, the remaining Fusarium species did not pose a significant threat to wheat production in the surveyed areas because common species, such as F. acuminatum, F. nygamai, F. oxysporum, and F. equiseti, were non-pathogenic but infrequent species, such as Fusarium redolens, Fusarium algeriense, and F. pseudograminearum, were highly or moderately virulent. Curvularia inaequalis, which was found in three different fields, was mildly virulent. The remaining Fusarium species, Fusarium solani, Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium burgessii, and Fusarium tricinctum, as well as Microdochium bolleyi, Microdochium nivale, and Macrophomina phaseolina, were non-pathogenic and considered to be secondary colonizers. The implications of these findings are discussed More less

Tinatin DOOLOTKELDİEVA | Saykal BOBUŞOVA | Mahabat KONURBAYEVA

Article | 2023 | Applied and Environmental Soil Science2023

Soil bacterial and fungal communities were investigated in relation to soil type and farm management practices after vegetation harvesting in autumn. Soils from fields cultivated with Phaseolus vulgaris (bean) and Pyrus comminus (pear) and nonarable, natural areas were studied. Microbial diversity was analysed using cultivation-dependent methods (isolation of pure cultures) and cultivation-independent methods (direct extraction of DNA from soil, followed by PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes). The use of cultivation-dependent methods revealed that there were no differences in the biodiversity of the soil bacterial . . .and fungal communities between fields cultivated with bean plants and pear trees. However, the use of cultivation-independent methods showed that there were clear soil and crop type-specific effects on the composition of the soil bacterial and fungal communities. The density of the bacterial population was two times higher in northern mountain-valley serozem (NMVS) soil samples than in light chestnut (LC) soil samples. In contrast, the densities of the fungal communities were almost equal in the studied soil types. The density of the actinomycetes community was almost two times higher in LC soil than in NMVS soil under bean plants. The Shannon index values showed that the bacterial biodiversity in the NMVS soil samples was greater than that in the LC soil samples. Soils under fallow appeared to have diverse bacterial communities that mainly consisted of local autochthonous microflora and a small amount of zymogenic microflora (since fresh plant residue does not enter the soil). The Shannon index results revealed two interesting facts: (1) the soil bacterial community was highly diverse in soils that supported bean plants and (2) the soil fungal biodiversity was high under pear trees in both soil types. Keyword: gradient gel-electrophoresis; bacterial communities; land-use; cropping systems; plant diversity; carbon; rhizosphere; management; proteobacteria; chrysanthemu More less

Ali İrfan İLBAŞ

Article | 2014 | Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry38 ( 3 )

Plant tissue culture is an efficient technique for conserving endemic plant species. A reproducible in vitro regeneration protocol was developed for the endemic Iris sari and Iris schachtii in the present study. The highest number of shoots per explant was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L thidiazuron (TDZ) plus 0.5 mg/L α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 1 mg/L TDZ plus 0.5 mg/L NAA, whereby 96.88% and 100% shoot induction with 9.55 and 11.34 shoots per explant of Iris sari and Iris schachtii were recorded, respectively. Regenerated shoots were successfully rooted on MS medium with either 1 mg/L . . . indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or 1 mg/L IBA plus 0.2 mg/L NAA. Rooted shoots were transferred to pots containing either a peat-soil-sand (1:1:1) mixture or a hydroponic culture containing Hoagland solution to acclimatize the regenerated plants to the greenhouse chamber. Approximately 90% of plants were transferred ex vitro successfully. - Keywords: Endemic species, immature embryo, in vitro regeneration, Iris sari, Iris schachtii More less

İsmail ERPER

Article | 2020 | Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control30 ( 1 )

The efficacy of the two entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae (TR 106) and Beauveria bassiana (TR 217), was tested against the adults of the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) in laboratory. Two concentrations of conidial suspensions (1 x 10(6) and 1 x 10(8) conidia/ml) of M. anisopliae and B. bassiana isolates were directly applied on four pairs of adult beetles in Petri dishes (2 ml/dish) and then incubated at two different climatic regimes; 22 +/- 1 degrees C and 26 +/- 1 degrees C with 70 +/- 5% RH, 16:8 h light-to-dark. Lethal time values (LT50 and LT90) were calculated us . . .ing probit analysis. As a result, the LT50 and LT90 values of M. anisopliae (1 x 10(8) conidia/ml) were 4.45 and 5.34 days at 26 degrees C and 5.17 and 6.15 days at 22 degrees C, respectively. LT50 and LT90 values of B. bassiana (1 x 10(8) conidia/ml) were 4.07 and 5.11 days at 26 degrees C and 4.07 and 5.41 days at 22 degrees C, respectively. LT50 and LT90 values of M. anisopliae (1 x 10(6) conidia/ml) were 5.42 and 6.43 days at 26 degrees C and 6.08 and 7.54 days at 22 degrees C, respectively. The LT50 and LT90 values of B. bassiana (1 x 10(6) conidia/ml) were 5.67 and 7.15 days at 26 degrees C and 5.47 and 7.50 days at 22 degrees C, respectively. Approximately 100% of mycoses were obtained in all treatments. In general, the effectiveness of these two entomopathogens increased by increasing suspension concentrations and temperature. These results suggest that the two isolates may be very successful in biological control of the C. maculatus and may be alternatives for chemical pest management More less

İlker KEPENEKÇİ

Article | 2016 | Turkish Journal of Entomology / Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi40 ( 1 )

One of the major pests of the vegetables, root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) (Tylenchina: Meloidogynidae) (RKNs) can cause economic losses by forming knots on the host plant roots. RKNs are more prevalent in the greenhouse vegetable growing areas of the coastal regions. In this study, the effects of plant extracts from five different plants; Capsicum frutescens, Hyoscyamus niger (Solanaceae), Melia azedarach (Meliaceae), Xanthium strumarium and Achillea wilhelmsii (Asteraceae) were evaluated against RKNs. In the first studies; the effects of plant extracts (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0 and 12.0% concentrations) on eggs, egg masses an . . .d second stage juveniles (J2s) of the Meloidogyne incognita were evaluated in laboratory conditions (in vitro tests). Concentrations of 3.0, 6.0 and 12.0% for H. niger, X. strumarium and M. azedarach caused 100% inhibition of egg hatching and J2s mortality. Effects of the same plant extracts against M. javanica on egg mass of nematode (I), the plant height (II), the plant age (III) plant dry weight (IV), root fresh weight (V) and root dry weight (VI) were also evaluated in greenhouse-pot studies. Result of pot trials, 12.0% of H. niger and X. strumarium has shown high effect on hatching studies. In the toxicity studies, 6.0% and 12.0% of X. strumarium and M. azedarach were found effective.Three plant extracts (X. strumarium, H. niger and M. azedarach), against mixed populations of M. incognita and M. javanica on tomatoes under natural greenhouse conditions (in vivo) were evaluated. Treatmets were repeated 4 times by watering for each pot (extract were applied 1 ml plant-1). In greenhouse trials, root gal indicies (root knot) and crop yield (tomatoes) (kg plant-1) values and effect of root gal indicies and yield (%) were evaluated. In vivo studies, it could be concluded that, only the M. azedarach has effected the galling indicies and consequentelly crop yield significantly. - Keywords: Root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, plant extracts, tomat More less