Fatih Ramazan İSTANBULLUGİL | Ali RIŞVANLI | Ruslan SALIKOV | Ulaş ACARÖZ | Damla ARSLAN ACARÖZ

Article | 2023 | South African Journal of Animal Science53 ( 6 )

The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship of immunoglobulins and cytokine levels in the milk of Kyrgyz mares during the last period of lactation. For this purpose, seven Kyrgyz mares were used. During the last week of lactation, milk samples were obtained from mares four times at intervals of two days. Physicochemical tests were performed on all collected milk samples, and pH, fat, ash, titratable acidity, and dry matter were measured. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were determined using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorben . . .t assay (ELISA) kits. Based on the measurements, the lowest IgG level was determined on the last day of lactation (10.23 ± 13.13 µg/mL) and the TNF-α level was determined to be the highest on the last day lactation (61.10 ± 75.69 pg/mL). However, no statistical differences between the days in terms of IFN-γ, IL-2, pH, titratable acidity, dry matter, ash, and fat were found. Varying degrees of positive correlations between the parameters existed and were more pronounced between IgG levels and pH values. As a result, it was concluded that in the last period of lactation in Kyrgyz mares, IgG concentrations decreased and TNF-α levels increased in their milk, but substantial changes in milk composition, immunoglobulins, and cytokine levels in milk did not show positive correlations with the physicochemical properties of milk. Keyword: cytokine; immunoglobulin; Kyrgyz mare; mare's mil More less

Fatih Ramazan İSTANBULLUGİL | Ulaş ACARÖZ | Damla ARSLAN ACARÖZ

Article | 2023 | MANAS Journal of Agriculture, Veterinary and Life Science (MJAVL)13 ( 2 )

Foodborne pathogens like Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes are microbial agents capable of causing severe illnesses, and they pose a perpetual menace to the food industry. Given their potential to jeopardize human health, both food producers and consumers hold significant concerns regarding these pathogens. The quest for novel strategies and natural preservatives in the domain of food safety holds paramount importance in the effort to curtail the dissemination and contamination of these pathogens. In this context, honey stands out as a notable natural product with substantial potential. Honey, through its bioactive constituents, . . . including phenolic compounds, specialized enzymes, and particularly the production of hydrogen peroxide, can serve as an efficacious tool in combatting microorganisms. This review undertakes an exploration of the antimicrobial impacts of honey on Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes by conducting a comprehensive assessment of existing literature and consolidating available data. The existing data strongly indicates the potential of honey's antimicrobial components to hinder the proliferation and dissemination of these pathogens. This review's principal aim is to outline a path for future research and applications, acknowledging the essential need for additional data and thorough investigations before efficiently deploying honey as a countermeasure against these pathogens. Keyword: honey; salmonella; listeria monocytogenes; antimicrobial effect; food pathogen More less

Ali RIŞVANLI

Article | 2022 | Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society73 ( 2 )

The immune system of the cow is kept strong to protect the cows from mastitis, which causes economic losses for dairy cattle herds. Cellular immunity, especially, plays an important role as a first-line defense system. In the case of inflammation, cytokines play a decisive role in monitoring this process. In this study, the relationship between somatic cell count (SCC) and cytokine (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma, and interleukins TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma,IL-2, -4, -5, and -10, respectively) concentrations in milk were determined. It was decided to support the humoral and cellular aspects of the udder defense system by de . . .termining the T-helper cell (Th1/Th2) cytokine polarization in high SCC milk from cows with signs of mastitis. Milk samples from 180 cows were divided into five groups according to the somatic cell count level (< 150 x 10(3), 151 x 10(3) 400 x 10(3), 401 x 10(3)-600x10(3), 601 x 10(3)-1,000 x 10(3), and > 1,000x10(3)cells/mL). It was understood that the Th1 direction was determined before mastitis was formed, that is when SCC was low (< 150 x 10(3)). As a result. it was concluded that theTh1 polarization should be supported to protect cows from mastitis More less

Kürşat ALTAY

Article | 2016 | MANAS Journal of Agriculture, Veterinary and Life Science (MJAVL)6 ( 2 )

Bu derlemede kenelerin sistemdeki yeri, genel morfolojik ve biyolojik özellikleri, beslenme, kene-konak-patojen ilişkileri, vektörlük (Mekanik ve Biyolojik nakil), arthropodların patojenlerle enfeksiyonu, hastalık etkenlerinin vektörlerden omurgalı konaklara nakli ve kenelerle taşınan önemli hastalıklar üzerinde durulmuştur.- Keywords:kene, kenelerle nakledilen hastalıklar,

Askarbek TÜLÖBAEV

Article | 2021 | MANAS Journal of Agriculture, Veterinary and Life Science (MJAVL)11 ( 2 )

Кыргыз Республикасында жылкылардын бакубаттуулугун баалоо протоколунун концепциясын иштеп чыгууда, жылкыларды үйүрдө багуунун климаттык жана технологиялык өзгөчө шарттарын эске алуу зарыл. Макаланын максаты – тоолуу жайыттардын шарттарында асыралган үйүрлүү жылкылардын бакубаттуулугун баалоо протоколунун концепциясын аныктоо болуп саналат. Изилдөөлөрдүн темасына ылайык илимий булактарды иликтөөлөр илимий китепканаларда жана интернет булактарында жүргүзүлдү. Жайыттардын шартында асыралган жылкылардын бакубаттуулук деңгээлин баалоо критерийлери же өлчөнүүчү көрсөткүчтөрү байкоонун түз жана кыйыр ыкмалары колдонулуп такталды. Алынган м . . .аалыматтар салыштырма ыкмасы колдонулуп анализденди. Изилдөөлөрдүн жыйынтыгында бакубаттуулуктун «беш эркиндик» принциптерине негизделген төмөндөгүдөй концепциясы аныкталды: 1) Кыргыз Республикасында үйүрлүү жылкылардын бакубаттуулук деңгээлин баалоодо AWIN (2015) протоколу негиз катары кабыл алынышы максатка ылайыктуу; 2) Жылкылар үйүрдүн курамында асыралгандыктан, бардык бээлер жана айгыр иликтөөгө алынышы зарыл; 3) Баалоо прициптери болуп төмөндөгүлөр кабыл алынды: I. Жакшы жайыт; II. Жакшы ден-соолук; III. Талаптагыдай жүрүш-туруш; 4) Жылкылардын бакубаттуулук деңгээлине баа берүүдө, 7 критерийдин алкагындагы ар бири 5 баллдык система менен баалануучу 20 көрсөткүчтүн колдонулушунун талапка ылайыктыгы ортого чыкты. Үйүрлүү жылкылардын бакубаттуулук баалоо протоколу негизинен жылкынын физиологиялык абалын жана жүрүш-турушун чагылдырган көрсөткүчтөрдөн туруп (85%), жайыттын абалын, жылкыларды багуу жана тоюттандыруу шарттарын камтыган көрсөткүчтөр менен толукталып турат (15%). The scientific community has developed several concepts to characterize and appreciate animal welfare. Behavioural approaches state that animals should live accordingly to their nature and should be able to perform all necessary behaviours without aversion. Physiological approaches based on the concepts of homeostasis and allostasis have been developed. In developing the concept of the welfare assessment protocol for horses in the Kyrgyz Republic, it is necessary to take into account the special climatic and technological conditions for keeping horses in herds. The purpose of this article is to define the concept of the protocol for assessing the welfare of herd horses bred in mountain pastures. Scientific review of sources in accordance with the research topic was conducted in scientific libraries and Internet sources. Criteria or indicators for assessing the level of well-being of horses bred in pasture conditions were clarified using direct and indirect methods of observation. The obtained data were analyzed using the comparative method. The study identified the following concept of well-being based on the principles of the "five freedoms": 1) It is expedient to adopt the AWIN (2015) protocol as a basis for assessing the level of welfare of horse-herd in the Kyrgyz Republic; 2) Since horses are bred in a herd, all mares and stallions should be examined; 3) The principles of evaluation are as follows: I. Good pasture; II. Good health; III. Proper behavior; 4) In assessing the level of well-being of horses, it was found appropriate to use 20 indicators, each of which is assessed on a 5-point scale within the framework of 7 criteria. The protocol for the assessment of the well-being of horse-herd consists mainly of indicators reflecting the physiological condition and behavior of the horse (85%), supplemented by indicators covering the condition of pastures, conditions of breeding and feeding horses (15%) More less

Atilla DURSUN

Correction | 2021 | Scientific Reports11 ( 1 )

Correction to: Scientific Reports https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86991-9, published online 13 April 2021.In the original version of this Article the Acknowledgments section was incomplete.“We are very grateful to The Atatürk University, Scientific Research Projects Foundation for generous financial support (Project Number FBA-2019-7219).”Now reads: “We are very grateful to The Atatürk University, Scientific Research Projects Foundation (Project Number FBA-2019-7219) and Humintech GmbH for generous support.”

Tamer ÇAĞLAYAN | Erdoğan ŞEKER

Article | 2015 | Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences31 ( 1 )

Amaç: Bu araştırma Japon bıldırcınlarında dağ nanesinin (Mentha caucasica) performans, bazı vücut ölçüleri ve canlı ağırlık arasındaki ilişkilerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmada 1 günlük yaştaki 150 Japon bıldırcını civciv kullanıldı. Bıldırcınlar, her grupta 50'şer adet olmak üzere, kontrol, nane I (%0.75) ve nane II (%1.50) olarak üç gruba ayrıldı. Bıldırcınlar çıkımdan itibaren 6 hafta süresince haftalık olarak tartıldı ve vücut ölçüleri (baş uzunluğu, baş genişliği, vücut uzunluğu, bacak uzunluğu, ayak uzunluğu, kanat uzunluğu) tespit edildi. Bulgular: Nane ile beslenen gruplardaki canlı . . .ağırlık ortalamalarının kontrol grubundan yüksek olduğu tespit edildi ( More less

Ali RIŞVANLI | Abuzer TAŞ | Ayperi Aytmırza Kızı | Nur ABDIMANAP UULU

Article | 2022 | MANAS Journal of Agriculture, Veterinary and Life Science (MJAVL)12 ( 2 )

In this case report, it is aimed to present unilateral uterine torsion in a 7-year-old Shorthair Scottish queen. The queen, which had full-term pregnancy, was brought to the Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University Veterinary Faculty Teaching hospital with complaints of stagnation, vomiting and hypothermia. In the ultrasonography examination, 3 kittens without a heartbeat were detected. After the abdominal incision made in the queen for whom emergency cesarean section was decided, a 1080o counterclockwise torsion was noticed on the caudal side of the cervix uterine in the left uterine horn of the queen. It was observed that the left uterine . . .horn was cyanotic due to torsion-related ischemia. For this reason, it was decided to perform N-block ovariohysterectomy instead of cesarean section. As a result, it was concluded that the presented case report of unilateral uterine torsion, which is rare in cats, will make useful contributions to veterinarians and students in the field More less

Abuzer TAŞ | Metin BAYRAKTAR

Article | 2019 | MANAS Journal of Agriculture, Veterinary and Life Science (MJAVL)9 ( 2 )

The objectives set to bring animal husbandry to an advanced level and to a certain standard are important in Turkey. Agriculture is mostly done in the conventional manner in Turkey and producers and farmers do not need to improve themselves. In contrast to population growth across the country, there is a significant decrease in agricultural production. The reason for this, it can be said that the reasons such as the lack of security of the working people in the sector, the fact that they do not receive a wage that can sustain their lives, the lack of infrastructure to carry out training programs for constantly changing and developin . . .g. We can define herd management as providing the animals with optimum care and welfare conditions, achieving the desired target for fertility, reproduction, and nutrition and preventing animal diseases and management-related losses in livestock enterprises. The main objective of herd management and a manager is to increase animal production to breeders and to provide economic returns that can provide sustainability and competitiveness in enterprises. In addition, it is to minimize or completely eliminate the material losses that may occur by means of more cost-effective and efficiently organized programs. In order to solve all these problems, herd management should be considered as an educated and organized profession. As a result of the training of certified herd management, breeders who are employed without registration and social security must be provided with registered status, increase the number of registered employees and achieve professional status by providing organization. It is important that certificate is a prerequisite for the grower to benefit from government support, incentives, grants, subsidies, and other national and international projects More less

İsmail ŞEN | Hasan GÜZELBEKTEŞ

Article | 2019 | MANAS Journal of Agriculture, Veterinary and Life Science (MJAVL)9 ( 2 )

Buzağılara IgG’nin transferi olarak adlandırılan pasif immune transfer ancak maternal kolostrum alınmasıyla gerçekleşir. Yetersiz kolostral IgG’nin alımı ya da absorbsiyonu pasif transfer yetmezliğine neden olmaktadır. Buzağılarda pasif transfer yetmezliğin belirlenmesi için çeşitli analiz metodları bulunmaktadır. Bu derlemede buzağılarda pasif transfer yetmezliğin tespitinde kullanılan yöntemler ve bu yöntemlerin avantaj ve dezavantajları anlatılmıştır.

Ali RIŞVANLI

Article | 2022 | MANAS Journal of Agriculture, Veterinary and Life Science (MJAVL)12 ( 1 )

Bu çalışmanın amacı küçük ölçekli işletmelerde yetiştirilen farklı ırk ineklerde mastitis prevalansı, bu işletmelerden elde edilen süt örneklerinde bakteri üreme oranları ve süt bileşenine etki eden faktörlerin araştırılmasıdır. Bu çalışmada farklı ırklardan (Simental, Montofon ve Holstein) yaşları 2-8 arasında değişen, primipar ve multipar olan 211 inek kullanıldı. California Mastitis Test (CMT) sonucuna göre, 150 inek pozitif reaksiyon verirken (%71,09), 61 inek ise CMT negatif (-) reaksiyon verdi (%28,91). Çalışmada kullanılan 211 ineğe ait 844 meme lobundan 16 meme lobu kör olduğu için çalışma dışında tutuldu. Çalışmaya dahil ed . . .ilen 828 meme lobundan 438 meme lobu (%52,90) CMT (-) ve 390 (%47,10) meme lobu CMT pozitif bulundu. CMT pozitif meme loblarında bakteri üreme oranı %92,11 olarak bulundu. En fazla Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) tespit edildi (%30,99). Yağ oranı en düşük CMT (-) (%4,48 ± 0,12)’de görüldü. Protein (%3,51 ± 0,02), laktoz (%5,28 ± 0,04), yağsız kuru madde (YKM) (%9,68 ± 0,07) ve mineral madde (%0,75 ± 0,01) oranları en düşük CMT (+++) grubunda görüldü. Dansite (1.033,22 ± 0,19 kg/m3) en yüksek CMT (-) grubunda bulunurken, elektrik iletkenliği de (4,69 ± 0,01 mS/cm) en yüksek CMT (+++) grubunda tespit edildi. En düşük yağ oranına (%3,86 ± 0,27) 3. laktasyonda rastlandı. Laktoz (%5,52 ± 0,04), YKM (%10,08 ± 0,07) ve protein (%3,66 ± 0,03) oranları 3. laktasyondaki ineklerde yüksek bulundu. Dahası, 3. laktasyondaki ineklerin süt elektrik iletkenliği (4,40 ± 0,03 mS/cm) en düşük değere sahipken, dansitesi (1.034,02 ± 0,44 kg/m3) yüksek bulundu. Kademeli meme formlarından (573,84 ± 63,11 hücre⁄ml) elde edilen sütlerde somatik hücre sayısı (SHS) yüksek bulunurken, laktoz oranı dışında süt kompozisyonu bakımından istatistiksel fark olmadığı anlaşıldı. Silindirik meme başı (383,02 ± 43,70 hücre⁄ml) ve düz meme ucu şekli (370,79 ± 43,61 hücre⁄ml) bulunan meme loblarından elde edilen sütlerde SHS düşük bulundu. Koltuk meme formunda (%15,2) bakteri üreme oranı düşük görülürken, sarkık (%27,6) ve kademeli (%29,9) meme formuna sahip ineklerde bakteri üreme oranları yüksek bulundu. Sonuç olarak, subklinik mastitisin yaygın olduğu ve bu hastalığa en çok S. aureus’un neden olduğu görüldü. Mastitisin azaltılması için koruyucu önlemlerin uygulanması özellikle de S. aureus’a karşı koruyucu önlemlerin alınması gerekmektedir. Koltuk meme formu ve silindirik meme başına sahip ineklerin yetiştiricilikte kullanılması, mastitisin azalmasına katkı sağlayacağı kanaatine varıldı. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of mastitis in different breed cows raised in small-scale farms, bacterial growth rates in milk samples obtained from these farms, and the factors affecting the milk component. 211 cows were used in this study. According to the results of the California Mastitis Test (CMT), 150 cows have positive reaction, while 61 cows have a negative (-) reaction. Of the 828 quarters included in the study, 438 (52.90%) quarters were found to be CMT (-) and 390 (47.10%) quarters were found to be CMT positive. Of 390 positive quarters, 181 (46.41%) were determined as CMT (+), 96 (24.62%) as CMT (++), and 113 (28.97%) as CMT (+++). The lowest fat ratio was seen in CMT (-) (4.48% ± 0.12%). Protein (3.51 ± 0.02%), lactose (5.28 ± 0.04%), solid-non-fad (SNF) (9.68 ± 0.07), and mineral matter (0.75% ± 0.01%) rates were the lowest in the CMT (+++) group. Density (1,033.22 ± 0.19 kg/m3) was found in the highest CMT (-) group, while electrical conductivity (4.69 ± 0.01 mS/cm) was highest in the CMT (+++) group. The lowest fat rate is observed in the third lactation (3.86% ± 0.27). The rates of lactose (5.52 ± 0.04), SNF (10.08 ± 0.07), and protein (3.66% ± 0.03) were found to be high in cows of this lactation number. Moreover, the milk electrical conductivity of the cows with this lactation number (4.40 ± 0.03 mS/cm) had the lowest value, while the density was found to be high (1.034.02 ± 0.44 kg/m3). While the somatic cell count (SCC) was found to be high in milk obtained from rear-heavy udder form (573.84 ± 63.11 cells⁄ml), it was found that there was no statistical difference in terms of milk composition except protein ratio. SCC was found to be low in milk obtained from quarters with cylindrical teat (383.02 ± 43.70 cell⁄ml) and flat teat end shape (370.79 ± 43.61 cell⁄ml). Bacterial growth was low in trough-shaped udder form, while bacterial growth rates were found to be high in cows with pendulous and rear-heavy udders. As a result, it was seen that the prevalence of subclinical mastitis is high in Elazig province, therefore milk SCC is high and milk composition may be affected More less

İsmail ERPER | Sezim COLDOŞBEKOVA

Note | 2023 | Journal of Plant Pathology105 ( 3 )

Keywords; penicillium fruit rot; postharvest; pyrus communis; RPB2